ecearth3/sources/xios-2.5/extern/src_netcdf4/nc4hdf.c

/*
  This file is part of netcdf-4, a netCDF-like interface for HDF5, or a
  HDF5 backend for netCDF, depending on your point of view.

  This file contains functions internal to the netcdf4 library. None of
  the functions in this file are exposed in the exetnal API. These
  functions handle the HDF interface.

  Copyright 2003, University Corporation for Atmospheric
  Research. See the COPYRIGHT file for copying and redistribution
  conditions.

  $Id: nc4hdf.c,v 1.273 2010/05/27 21:34:14 dmh Exp $
*/

#include "config.h"
#include "nc4internal.h"
#include <H5DSpublic.h>
#include <math.h>

#ifdef IGNORE
extern NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc_file;
#endif

#define NC3_STRICT_ATT_NAME "_nc3_strict"

/* This is to track opened HDF5 objects to make sure they are
 * closed. */
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
int num_plists;
int num_spaces;
#endif /* EXTRA_TESTS */

/* This function is needed to handle one special case: what if the
 * user defines a dim, writes metadata, then goes back into define
 * mode and adds a coordinate var for the already existing dim. In
 * that case, I need to recreate the dim's dimension scale dataset,
 * and then I need to go to every var in the file which uses that
 * dimension, and attach the new dimension scale. */
static int
rec_reattach_scales(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int dimid, hid_t dimscaleid)
{
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *child_grp;
   int d;
   int retval;

   assert(grp && grp->name && dimid >= 0 && dimscaleid >= 0);
   LOG((3, "rec_reattach_scales: grp->name %s", grp->name));

   /* If there are any child groups, attach dimscale there, if needed. */
   for (child_grp = grp->children; child_grp; child_grp = child_grp->next)
      if ((retval = rec_reattach_scales(child_grp, dimid, dimscaleid)))
         return retval;

   /* Find any vars that use this dimension id. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
      for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
         if (var->dimids[d] == dimid && !var->dimscale)
         {
            LOG((2, "rec_reattach_scaled: attaching scale for dimid %d to var %s", 
                 var->dimids[d], var->name));
            if (var->created)
            {
               if (H5DSattach_scale(var->hdf_datasetid, dimscaleid, d) < 0)
                  return NC_EHDFERR;
               var->dimscale_attached[d]++;
            }
         }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* This function is needed to handle one special case: what if the
 * user defines a dim, writes metadata, then goes back into define
 * mode and adds a coordinate var for the already existing dim. In
 * that case, I need to recreate the dim's dimension scale dataset,
 * and then I need to go to every var in the file which uses that
 * dimension, and attach the new dimension scale. */
static int
rec_detach_scales(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int dimid, hid_t dimscaleid)
{
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *child_grp;
   int d;
   int retval;

   assert(grp && grp->name && dimid >= 0 && dimscaleid >= 0);
   LOG((3, "rec_detach_scales: grp->name %s", grp->name));

   /* If there are any child groups, attach dimscale there, if needed. */
   for (child_grp = grp->children; child_grp; child_grp = child_grp->next)
      if ((retval = rec_detach_scales(child_grp, dimid, dimscaleid)))
         return retval;

   /* If there are no vars, we are done. */
   if (!grp->var)
      return NC_NOERR;

   /* Find any (already created) vars that use this dimension id. Go
    * through the list backwards to accomdate a HDF5 bug. */
   for (var = grp->var; var->next; var = var->next)
      ;

   for ( ; var; var = var->prev)
      for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
         if (var->dimids[d] == dimid && !var->dimscale)
         {
            LOG((2, "rec_detach_scales: detaching scale for dimid %d to var %s", 
                 var->dimids[d], var->name));
            if (var->created)
            {
	       if (var->dimscale_attached[d])
	       {
		  if (H5DSdetach_scale(var->hdf_datasetid, dimscaleid, d) < 0)
		     return NC_EHDFERR;
		  var->dimscale_attached[d] = 0;
	       }
            }
         }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Open the dataset and leave it open. */
int 
nc4_open_var_grp2(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int varid, hid_t *dataset)
{
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   
   /* Find the requested varid. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
      if (var->varid == varid)
         break;
   if (!var)
      return NC_ENOTVAR;
   
   /* Open this dataset if necessary. */
   if (!var->hdf_datasetid)
      if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dopen2(grp->hdf_grpid, var->name, 
					 H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
         return NC_ENOTVAR;

   *dataset = var->hdf_datasetid;
   
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Write or read one element of data. 

   Oh, better far to live and die
   Under the brave black flag I fly,
   Than play a sanctimonious part,
   With a pirate head and a pirate heart.

   Away to the cheating world go you,
   Where pirates all are well-to-do.
   But I'll be true to the song I sing,
   And live and die a Pirate king.
*/
int
nc4_pg_var1(NC_PG_T pg, NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc, int ncid, int varid, 
            const size_t *indexp, nc_type xtype, int is_long, void *ip)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   int i;
   size_t start[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS], count[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   int retval;

   /* Find file and var, cause I need the number of dims. */
   assert(nc);
   if ((retval = nc4_find_g_var_nc(nc, ncid, varid, &grp, &var)))
      return retval;
   assert(grp && var && var->name);

   /* Set up the count and start arrays. */
   for (i=0; i<var->ndims; i++)
   {
      start[i] = indexp[i];
      count[i] = 1;
   }

   /* Get or put this data. */
   if (pg == GET)
      return nc4_get_vara(nc, ncid, varid, start, count, xtype, 
                          is_long, ip);
   else
      return nc4_put_vara(nc, ncid, varid, start, count, xtype, 
                          is_long, ip);
}

/* Get the default fill value for an atomic type. Memory for
 * fill_value must already be allocated, or you are DOOMED!!!*/
int
nc4_get_default_fill_value(NC_TYPE_INFO_T *type_info, void *fill_value)
{
   switch (type_info->nc_typeid)
   {
      case NC_BYTE:
         *(signed char *)fill_value = NC_FILL_BYTE;
         break;
      case NC_CHAR:
         *(char *)fill_value = NC_FILL_CHAR;
         break;
      case NC_SHORT:
         *(short *)fill_value = NC_FILL_SHORT;
         break;
      case NC_INT:
         *(int *)fill_value = NC_FILL_INT;
         break;
      case NC_FLOAT:
         *(float *)fill_value = NC_FILL_FLOAT;
         break;
      case NC_DOUBLE:
         *(double *)fill_value = NC_FILL_DOUBLE;
         break;
      case NC_UBYTE:
         *(unsigned char *)fill_value = NC_FILL_UBYTE;
         break;
      case NC_USHORT:
         *(unsigned short *)fill_value = NC_FILL_USHORT;
         break;
      case NC_UINT:
         *(unsigned int *)fill_value = NC_FILL_UINT;
         break;
      case NC_INT64:
         *(long long *)fill_value = NC_FILL_INT64;
         break;
      case NC_UINT64:
         *(unsigned long long *)fill_value = NC_FILL_UINT64;
         break;
      case NC_STRING:
         strcpy((char *)fill_value, "");
         break;
      default:
         return NC_EINVAL;
   }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* What fill value should be used for a variable? */
static int
get_fill_value(NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5, NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, void **fillp)
{   
   size_t size;
   int retval;

   /* Find out how much space we need for this type's fill value. */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_typelen_mem(h5, var->xtype, 0, &size)))
      return retval;

   /* Strings have a size of one for the empty sting (to hold the
    * null), otherwise the length of the users fill_value string, plus
    * one. */
   if (var->xtype == NC_STRING)
   {
         size = 1;
   }
   
   /* Allocate the space. VLENS are different, of course. */
   if (var->type_info->class == NC_VLEN)
   {
      if (!((*fillp) = malloc(sizeof(nc_vlen_t))))
         return NC_ENOMEM;
   }
   else
   {
      if (!((*fillp) = malloc(size)))
         return NC_ENOMEM;
   }

   /* If the user has set a fill_value for this var, use, otherwise
    * find the default fill value. */
   if (var->fill_value)
   {
      LOG((4, "Found a fill value for var %s", var->name));
      if (var->type_info->class == NC_VLEN)   
      {
         nc_vlen_t *in_vlen = (nc_vlen_t *)(var->fill_value), *fv_vlen = (nc_vlen_t *)(*fillp);
         fv_vlen->len = in_vlen->len;
         if (!(fv_vlen->p = malloc(size * in_vlen->len)))
            return NC_ENOMEM;
         memcpy(fv_vlen->p, in_vlen->p, in_vlen->len * size);
      }
      else if (var->xtype == NC_STRING)
      {
         if (!(*(char **)fillp = malloc((strlen((char *)var->fill_value) + 1) * 
					sizeof(char))))
	    return NC_ENOMEM;
         strcpy(*(char **)fillp, (char *)var->fill_value);
      }
      else
         memcpy((*fillp), var->fill_value, size);
   }
   else
   {
      if ((nc4_get_default_fill_value(var->type_info, *fillp)))
      {
         free(*fillp);
         *fillp = NULL;
      }
   }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Given a netcdf type, return appropriate HDF typeid. */
int
nc4_get_hdf_typeid(NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5, nc_type xtype, 
		   hid_t *hdf_typeid, int endianness)
{
   NC_TYPE_INFO_T *type;
   hid_t typeid = 0;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;

   assert(hdf_typeid && h5);

   *hdf_typeid = -1;
   switch (xtype)
   {
      case NC_NAT: /* NAT = 'Not A Type' (c.f. NaN) */
         return NC_EBADTYPE;
      case NC_BYTE: /* signed 1 byte integer */
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I8LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I8BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_SCHAR;
         break;
      case NC_CHAR: /* ISO/ASCII character */
	 if ((typeid = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1)) < 0) 
	    return NC_EHDFERR;
	 if (H5Tset_strpad(typeid, H5T_STR_NULLTERM) < 0)
	    BAIL(NC_EVARMETA);
         *hdf_typeid = typeid;
         break;
      case NC_SHORT: /* signed 2 byte integer */
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I16LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I16BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_SHORT;
         break;
      case NC_INT: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I32LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I32BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_INT;
         break;
      case NC_FLOAT: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_IEEE_F32LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_IEEE_F32BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_FLOAT;
         break;
      case NC_DOUBLE:
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_IEEE_F64LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_IEEE_F64BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_DOUBLE;
         break;
      case NC_UBYTE: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U8LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U8BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_UCHAR;
         break;
      case NC_USHORT:
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U16LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U16BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_USHORT;
         break;
      case NC_UINT: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U32LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U32BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_UINT;
         break;
      case NC_INT64: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I64LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_I64BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_LLONG;
         break;
      case NC_UINT64: 
         if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U64LE;
         else if (endianness == NC_ENDIAN_BIG)
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_STD_U64BE;
         else
            *hdf_typeid = H5T_NATIVE_ULLONG;
         break;
      case NC_STRING: 
	 if ((typeid = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1)) < 0) 
	    return NC_EHDFERR;
	 if (H5Tset_size(typeid, H5T_VARIABLE) < 0)
	    return NC_EHDFERR;
	 *hdf_typeid = typeid;
         break;
      default:
         /* Maybe this is a user defined type? */
         if (!nc4_find_type(h5, xtype, &type))
         {
            if (!type)
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
            *hdf_typeid = type->hdf_typeid;
         }
   }

   if (*hdf_typeid == -1)
      return NC_EBADTYPE;
   
   return NC_NOERR;

  exit:
   if (xtype == NC_CHAR && typeid > 0 && H5Tclose(typeid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);      
   return retval;
}

/* Do some common check for nc4_put_vara and nc4_get_vara. These
 * checks have to be done when both reading and writing data. */
static int 
check_for_vara(nc_type *mem_nc_type, NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5)
{
   int retval;

   /* If mem_nc_type is NC_NAT, it means we want to use the file type
    * as the mem type as well. */
   assert(mem_nc_type);
   if (*mem_nc_type == NC_NAT)
      *mem_nc_type = var->xtype;
   assert(*mem_nc_type);

   /* No NC_CHAR conversions, you pervert! */
   if (var->xtype != *mem_nc_type && 
       (var->xtype == NC_CHAR || *mem_nc_type == NC_CHAR))
      return NC_ECHAR;

   /* If we're in define mode, we can't read or write data. */
   if (h5->flags & NC_INDEF)
   {
      if (h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL)
         return NC_EINDEFINE;
      if ((retval = nc4_enddef_netcdf4_file(h5)))
         return retval;
   }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

#ifdef LOGGING
/* Print some debug info about dimensions to the log. */   
static void
log_dim_info(NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, hsize_t *fdims, hsize_t *fmaxdims, 
             hsize_t *start, hsize_t *count)
{
   int d2;

   /* Print some debugging info... */
   LOG((4, "nc4_put_vara: var name %s ndims %d", var->name, var->ndims)); 
   LOG((4, "File space, and requested:"));
   for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
   {
      LOG((4, "fdims[%d]=%Ld fmaxdims[%d]=%Ld", d2, fdims[d2], d2, 
           fmaxdims[d2]));
      LOG((4, "start[%d]=%Ld  count[%d]=%Ld", d2, start[d2], d2, count[d2]));
   }
}
#endif /* LOGGING */

#ifdef USE_PARALLEL
static int
set_par_access(NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5, NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, hid_t xfer_plistid)
{
   H5FD_mpio_xfer_t hdf5_xfer_mode;

   /* If netcdf is built with parallel I/O, then parallel access can
    * be used, and, if this file was opened or created for parallel
    * access, we need to set the transfer mode. */
   if (h5->parallel)
   {
      /* Decide on collective or independent. */
      hdf5_xfer_mode = (var->parallel_access != NC_INDEPENDENT) ?
         H5FD_MPIO_COLLECTIVE : H5FD_MPIO_INDEPENDENT;

      /* Set the mode in the transfer property list. */
      if (H5Pset_dxpl_mpio(xfer_plistid, hdf5_xfer_mode) < 0)
         return NC_EPARINIT;

      LOG((4, "hdf5_xfer_mode: %d H5FD_MPIO_COLLECTIVE: %d H5FD_MPIO_INDEPENDENT: %d", 
           (int)hdf5_xfer_mode, H5FD_MPIO_COLLECTIVE, H5FD_MPIO_INDEPENDENT));
   }
   return NC_NOERR;
}
#endif

/* Write an array of data to a variable. When it comes right down to
 * it, this is what netCDF-4 is all about, this is *the* function, the
 * big enchilda, the grand poo-bah, the alpha dog, the head honcho,
 * the big cheese, the mighty kahuna, the top bananna, the high
 * muckity-muck, numero uno. Well, you get the idea.  */
int 
nc4_put_vara(NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc, int ncid, int varid, const size_t *startp, 
		      const size_t *countp, nc_type mem_nc_type, int is_long, void *data)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp;
   NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim;

   hid_t file_spaceid = 0, mem_spaceid = 0, xfer_plistid = 0;
   size_t file_type_size;

   hsize_t *xtend_size = NULL, count[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   hsize_t fdims[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS], fmaxdims[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   hsize_t start[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   int need_to_extend = 0;
   int scalar = 0, retval = NC_NOERR, range_error = 0, i, d2;
   void *bufr = NULL;
#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT   
   int need_to_convert = 0;
   size_t len = 1;
#endif
#ifdef HDF5_CONVERT
   hid_t mem_typeid = 0;
#endif   
   int no_data=0 ;
   
   /* Find our metadata for this file, group, and var. */
   assert(nc);
   if ((retval = nc4_find_g_var_nc(nc, ncid, varid, &grp, &var)))
      return retval;
   h5 = nc->nc4_info;
   assert(grp && h5 && var && var->name);

   LOG((3, "nc4_put_vara: var->name %s mem_nc_type %d is_long %d", 
        var->name, mem_nc_type, is_long));

   /* Check some stuff about the type and the file. If the file must
    * be switched from define mode, it happens here. */
   if ((retval = check_for_vara(&mem_nc_type, var, h5)))
      return retval;

   /* Convert from size_t and ptrdiff_t to hssize_t, and hsize_t. */
   for (i = 0; i < var->ndims; i++)
   {
      start[i] = startp[i];
      count[i] = countp[i];
   }
   
   /* Open this dataset if necessary, also checking for a weird case:
    * a non-coordinate (and non-scalar) variable that has the same
    * name as a dimension. */
   if (var->hdf5_name && strlen(var->hdf5_name) >= strlen(NON_COORD_PREPEND) && 
       strncmp(var->hdf5_name, NON_COORD_PREPEND, strlen(NON_COORD_PREPEND)) == 0 &&
       var->ndims)
       if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dopen2(grp->hdf_grpid, var->hdf5_name,
					  H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
	   return NC_ENOTVAR;
   if (!var->hdf_datasetid)
       if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dopen2(grp->hdf_grpid, var->name,
					  H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
	   return NC_ENOTVAR;

   /* Get file space of data. */
   if ((file_spaceid = H5Dget_space(var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0) 
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces++;
#endif

   /* Check to ensure the user selection is
    * valid. H5Sget_simple_extent_dims gets the sizes of all the dims
    * and put them in fdims. */
   if (H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(file_spaceid, fdims, fmaxdims) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      
#ifdef LOGGING
   log_dim_info(var, fdims, fmaxdims, start, count);
#endif

   /* Check dimension bounds. Remember that unlimited dimnsions can
    * put data beyond their current length. */
   for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
   {
      for (dim = grp->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
      {
         if (dim->dimid == var->dimids[d2])
         {
            if (!dim->unlimited)
            {
               if (start[d2] >= (hssize_t)fdims[d2])
                  BAIL_QUIET(NC_EINVALCOORDS);
               if (start[d2] + count[d2] > fdims[d2])
                  BAIL_QUIET(NC_EEDGE);
            }
         }
      }
   }


   /* A little quirk: if any of the count values are zero, then
      return success and forget about it. */

   for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
      if (count[d2] != 0) no_data++ ;
/*         goto exit; */
   
   /* Now you would think that no one would be crazy enough to write
      a scalar dataspace with one of the array function calls, but you
      would be wrong. So let's check to see if the dataset is
      scalar. If it is, we won't try to set up a hyperslab. */
   if (H5Sget_simple_extent_type(file_spaceid) == H5S_SCALAR)
   {
      if ((mem_spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0) 
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
      scalar++;
   }
   else
   {
      if (H5Sselect_hyperslab(file_spaceid, H5S_SELECT_SET, start, NULL, 
                              count, NULL) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

      /* Create a space for the memory, just big enough to hold the slab
         we want. */
      if ((mem_spaceid = H5Screate_simple(var->ndims, count, NULL)) < 0) 
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
   }
   
   /* Later on, we will need to know the size of this type in the
    * file. */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_typelen_mem(h5, var->xtype, 0, &file_type_size)))
      return retval;

#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT   
   /* Are we going to convert any data? (No converting of compound or
    * opaque types.) */
   if ((mem_nc_type != var->xtype || (var->xtype == NC_INT && is_long)) && 
       mem_nc_type != NC_COMPOUND && mem_nc_type != NC_OPAQUE)
   {
      /* We must convert - allocate a buffer. */
      need_to_convert++;
      if (var->ndims)
         for (d2=0; d2<var->ndims; d2++)
            len *= countp[d2];
      LOG((4, "converting data for var %s type=%d len=%d", var->name, 
           var->xtype, len));

      /* If we're reading, we need bufr to have enough memory to store
       * the data in the file. If we're writing, we need bufr to be
       * big enough to hold all the data in the file's type. */
      if (!(bufr = malloc(len * file_type_size)))
         BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
   }
   else
#endif /* ifndef HDF5_CONVERT */
      bufr = data;

#ifdef HDF5_CONVERT
   /* Get the HDF type of the data in memory. */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(h5, mem_nc_type, &mem_typeid, 
				    var->type_info->endianness)))
      BAIL(retval);
#endif
   
   /* Create the data transfer property list. */
   if ((xfer_plistid = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_XFER)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists++;
#endif

   /* Apply the callback function which will detect range
    * errors. Which one to call depends on the length of the
    * destination buffer type. */
#ifdef HDF5_CONVERT
   if (H5Pset_type_conv_cb(xfer_plistid, except_func, &range_error) < 0) 
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#endif

#ifdef USE_PARALLEL
   /* Set up parallel I/O, if needed. */
   if ((retval = set_par_access(h5, var, xfer_plistid)))
      BAIL(retval);
#endif

   /* Read/write this hyperslab into memory. */
   /* Does the dataset have to be extended? If it's already
      extended to the required size, it will do no harm to reextend
      it to that size. */
   if (var->ndims)
   {
      if (!(xtend_size = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
         BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
      for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
      {
         if ((retval = nc4_find_dim(grp, var->dimids[d2], &dim, NULL)))
            BAIL(retval);
         if (dim->unlimited)
         {
            if (start[d2] + count[d2] > fdims[d2])
            {
               xtend_size[d2] = start[d2] + count[d2];
               need_to_extend++;
            }
            else
               xtend_size[d2] = fdims[d2];

            if (start[d2] + count[d2] > dim->len)
            {
               dim->len = start[d2] + count[d2];
               dim->extended++;
            }
         }
         else
         {
            xtend_size[d2] = dim->len;
         }
      }

      /* If we need to extend it, we also need a new file_spaceid
         to reflect the new size of the space. */
      if (need_to_extend)
      {
         LOG((4, "extending dataset"));
         if (H5Dextend(var->hdf_datasetid, xtend_size) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
	 if (file_spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(file_spaceid) < 0)
	    BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
         if ((file_spaceid = H5Dget_space(var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
         if (H5Sselect_hyperslab(file_spaceid, H5S_SELECT_SET, 
                                 start, NULL, count, NULL) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      }
   }

#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT
   /* Do we need to convert the data? */
   if (need_to_convert)
   {
      if ((retval = nc4_convert_type(data, bufr, mem_nc_type, var->xtype, 
                                     len, &range_error, var->fill_value,
                                     (h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL), is_long, 0)))
         BAIL(retval);
   }
#endif

   /* Write the data. At last! */
   LOG((4, "about to H5Dwrite datasetid 0x%x mem_spaceid 0x%x "
	"file_spaceid 0x%x", var->hdf_datasetid, mem_spaceid, file_spaceid));
/*
   if (no_data==0)
   {
     H5Sselect_none(mem_spaceid);
     H5Sselect_none(file_spaceid);
     bufr=NULL ;
   }
*/  
/*   if (no_data!=0) */
        if (H5Dwrite(var->hdf_datasetid, var->type_info->hdf_typeid, 
	     	  mem_spaceid, file_spaceid, xfer_plistid, bufr) < 0)
        BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      

   /* Remember that we have written to this var so that Fill Value
    * can't be set for it. */
   if (!var->written_to)
      var->written_to++;

   /* For strict netcdf-3 rules, ignore erange errors between UBYTE
    * and BYTE types. */
   if ((h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL) &&
       (var->xtype == NC_UBYTE || var->xtype == NC_BYTE) &&
       (mem_nc_type == NC_UBYTE || mem_nc_type == NC_BYTE) &&
       range_error)
      range_error = 0;

  exit:
   if (file_spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(file_spaceid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (mem_spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(mem_spaceid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (xfer_plistid && (H5Pclose(xfer_plistid) < 0))
      BAIL2(NC_EPARINIT);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT
   if (need_to_convert) free(bufr);
#endif
   if (xtend_size) free(xtend_size);

   /* If there was an error return it, otherwise return any potential
      range error value. If none, return NC_NOERR as usual.*/
   if (retval)      
      return retval;
   if (range_error)
      return NC_ERANGE;
   return NC_NOERR;
}

int 
nc4_get_vara(NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc, int ncid, int varid, const size_t *startp, 
		      const size_t *countp, nc_type mem_nc_type, int is_long, void *data)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, *g;
   NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim;

   hid_t file_spaceid = 0, mem_spaceid = 0;
   hid_t xfer_plistid = 0;
   hid_t hdf_datasetid;
   size_t file_type_size;

   hsize_t *xtend_size = NULL, count[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   hsize_t fdims[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS], fmaxdims[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   hsize_t start[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   void *fillvalue = NULL;
   int no_read = 0, provide_fill = 0;
   int fill_value_size[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   int scalar = 0, retval = NC_NOERR, range_error = 0, i, d2;
   void *bufr = NULL;
   int break_it;
#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT   
   int need_to_convert = 0;
   size_t len = 1;
#endif

   /* Find our metadata for this file, group, and var. */
   assert(nc);
   if ((retval = nc4_find_g_var_nc(nc, ncid, varid, &grp, &var)))
      return retval;
   h5 = nc->nc4_info;
   assert(grp && h5 && var && var->name);

   LOG((3, "nc4_get_vara: var->name %s mem_nc_type %d is_long %d", 
        var->name, mem_nc_type, is_long));

   /* Check some stuff about the type and the file. */
   if ((retval = check_for_vara(&mem_nc_type, var, h5)))
      return retval;

   /* Convert from size_t and ptrdiff_t to hssize_t, and hsize_t. */
   for (i = 0; i < var->ndims; i++)
   {
      start[i] = startp[i];
      count[i] = countp[i];
   }

   /* Open this dataset if necessary, also checking for a weird case:
    * a non-coordinate (and non-scalar) variable that has the same
    * name as a dimension. */
   if (var->hdf5_name && strlen(var->hdf5_name) >= strlen(NON_COORD_PREPEND) && 
       strncmp(var->hdf5_name, NON_COORD_PREPEND, strlen(NON_COORD_PREPEND)) == 0 &&
       var->ndims)
       if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dopen2(grp->hdf_grpid, var->hdf5_name,
					  H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
	   return NC_ENOTVAR;
   if (!var->hdf_datasetid)
       if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dopen2(grp->hdf_grpid, var->name,
					  H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
	   return NC_ENOTVAR;

   /* Get file space of data. */
   if ((file_spaceid = H5Dget_space(var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0) 
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces++;
#endif

   /* Check to ensure the user selection is
    * valid. H5Sget_simple_extent_dims gets the sizes of all the dims
    * and put them in fdims. */
   if (H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(file_spaceid, fdims, fmaxdims) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

#ifdef LOGGING
   log_dim_info(var, fdims, fmaxdims, start, count);
#endif

   /* Check dimension bounds. Remember that unlimited dimnsions can
    * put data beyond their current length. */
   for (d2 = 0, break_it = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
   {
      for (g = grp; g && !break_it; g = g->parent)
         for (dim = g->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
         {
            if (dim->dimid == var->dimids[d2])
            {
               if (!dim->unlimited)
               {
                  if (start[d2] >= (hssize_t)fdims[d2])
                     BAIL_QUIET(NC_EINVALCOORDS);
                  if (start[d2] + count[d2] > fdims[d2])
                     BAIL_QUIET(NC_EEDGE);
               }
               if (dim->unlimited)
               {
                  size_t ulen;
                  
                  /* We can't go beyond the latgest current extent of
                     the unlimited dim. */
                  if ((retval = nc_inq_dimlen(ncid, dim->dimid, &ulen)))
                     BAIL(retval);
                  
                  /* Check for out of bound requests. */
                  if (start[d2] >= (hssize_t)ulen && count[d2])
                     BAIL_QUIET(NC_EINVALCOORDS);
                  if (start[d2] + count[d2] > ulen)
                     BAIL_QUIET(NC_EEDGE);
                  
                  /* THings get a little tricky here. If we're getting
                     a GET request beyond the end of this var's
                     current length in an unlimited dimension, we'll
                     later need to return the fill value for the
                     variable. */
                  if (start[d2] >= (hssize_t)fdims[d2])
                     fill_value_size[d2] = count[d2];
                  else if (start[d2] + count[d2] > fdims[d2])
                     fill_value_size[d2] = count[d2] - (fdims[d2] - start[d2]);
                  else
                     fill_value_size[d2] = 0;
                  count[d2] -= fill_value_size[d2];
                  if (fill_value_size[d2])
                     provide_fill++;
               }
               else
                  fill_value_size[d2] = count[d2];
            }
         }
   }
   
   /* A little quirk: if any of the count values are zero, don't
    * read. */
   for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
      if (count[d2] == 0)
         no_read++;
   
   /* Later on, we will need to know the size of this type in the
    * file. */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_typelen_mem(h5, var->xtype, 0, &file_type_size)))
      return retval;

   if (!no_read)
   {
      /* Now you would think that no one would be crazy enough to write
         a scalar dataspace with one of the array function calls, but you
         would be wrong. So let's check to see if the dataset is
         scalar. If it is, we won't try to set up a hyperslab. */
      if (H5Sget_simple_extent_type(file_spaceid) == H5S_SCALAR)
      {
         if ((mem_spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
         scalar++;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }
      else
      {
         if (H5Sselect_hyperslab(file_spaceid, H5S_SELECT_SET, 
                                 start, NULL, count, NULL) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
         /* Create a space for the memory, just big enough to hold the slab
            we want. */
         if ((mem_spaceid = H5Screate_simple(var->ndims, count, NULL)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }

      /* Fix bug when reading HDF5 files with variable of type
       * fixed-length string.  We need to make it look like a
       * variable-length string, because that's all netCDF-4 data
       * model supports, lacking anonymous dimensions.  So
       * variable-length strings are in allocated memory that user has
       * to free, which we allocate here. */
      if(var->type_info->class == H5T_STRING && 
	 H5Tget_size(var->type_info->hdf_typeid) > 1 &&
	 !H5Tis_variable_str(var->type_info->hdf_typeid)) {
	  hsize_t fstring_len;
	  if ((fstring_len = H5Tget_size(var->type_info->hdf_typeid)) < 0)
	      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      	  if (!(*(char **)data = malloc(1 + fstring_len)))
      	      BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
	  bufr = *(char **)data;
      }
   
#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT   
      /* Are we going to convert any data? (No converting of compound or
       * opaque types.) */
      if ((mem_nc_type != var->xtype || (var->xtype == NC_INT && is_long)) && 
          mem_nc_type != NC_COMPOUND && mem_nc_type != NC_OPAQUE)
      {
         /* We must convert - allocate a buffer. */
         need_to_convert++;
         if (var->ndims)
            for (d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
               len *= countp[d2];
         LOG((4, "converting data for var %s type=%d len=%d", var->name, 
              var->xtype, len));

         /* If we're reading, we need bufr to have enough memory to store
          * the data in the file. If we're writing, we need bufr to be
          * big enough to hold all the data in the file's type. */
         if (!(bufr = malloc(len * file_type_size)))
            BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
      }
      else
#endif /* ifndef HDF5_CONVERT */
	  if(!bufr)
	      bufr = data;

      /* Get the HDF type of the data in memory. */
#ifdef HDF5_CONVERT
      if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(h5, mem_nc_type, &mem_typeid, 
				       var->type_info->endianness)))
         BAIL(retval);
#endif
   
      /* Create the data transfer property list. */
      if ((xfer_plistid = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_XFER)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists++;
#endif

#ifdef HDF5_CONVERT
      /* Apply the callback function which will detect range
       * errors. Which one to call depends on the length of the
       * destination buffer type. */
      if (H5Pset_type_conv_cb(xfer_plistid, except_func, &range_error) < 0) 
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#endif

#ifdef USE_PARALLEL
      /* Set up parallel I/O, if needed. */
      if ((retval = set_par_access(h5, var, xfer_plistid)))
         BAIL(retval);
#endif

      /* Read this hyperslab into memory. */
      LOG((5, "About to H5Dread some data..."));
      if (H5Dread(var->hdf_datasetid, var->type_info->native_typeid, 
                  mem_spaceid, file_spaceid, xfer_plistid, bufr) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT
      /* Eventually the block below will go away. Right now it's
         needed to support conversions between int/float, and range
         checking converted data in the netcdf way. These features are
         being added to HDF5 at the HDF5 World Hall of Coding right
         now, by a staff of thousands of programming gnomes. */
      if (need_to_convert)
      {
         if ((retval = nc4_convert_type(bufr, data, var->xtype, mem_nc_type, 
                                        len, &range_error, var->fill_value, 
                                        (h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL), 0, is_long)))
            BAIL(retval);

         /* For strict netcdf-3 rules, ignore erange errors between UBYTE
          * and BYTE types. */
         if ((h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL) &&
             (var->xtype == NC_UBYTE || var->xtype == NC_BYTE) &&
             (mem_nc_type == NC_UBYTE || mem_nc_type == NC_BYTE) &&
             range_error)
            range_error = 0;
      }
#endif

      /* For strict netcdf-3 rules, ignore erange errors between UBYTE
       * and BYTE types. */
      if ((h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL) &&
          (var->xtype == NC_UBYTE || var->xtype == NC_BYTE) &&
          (mem_nc_type == NC_UBYTE || mem_nc_type == NC_BYTE) &&
          range_error)
         range_error = 0;

   } /* endif ! no_read */

   /* Now we need to fake up any further data that was asked for,
      using the fill values instead. First skip past the data we
      just read, if any. */
   if (!scalar && provide_fill)
   {
      void *filldata;
      size_t real_data_size = 0;
      size_t fill_len;

      /* Skip past the real data we've already read. */
      if (!no_read)
         for (real_data_size = file_type_size, d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)
            real_data_size *= (count[d2] - start[d2]);

      /* Get the fill value from the HDF5 variable. Memory will be
       * allocated. */
      if (get_fill_value(h5, var, &fillvalue) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

      /* How many fill values do we need? */
      for (fill_len = 1, d2 = 0; d2 < var->ndims; d2++)      
         fill_len *= (fill_value_size[d2] ? fill_value_size[d2] : 1);

      /* Copy the fill value into the rest of the data buffer. */
      filldata = (char *)data + real_data_size;
      for (i = 0; i < fill_len; i++)
      {
         if (var->xtype == NC_STRING)
         {
            if (!(*(char **)filldata = malloc(sizeof(*(char **)fillvalue))))
               return NC_ENOMEM;
            strcpy(*(char **)filldata, *(char **)fillvalue);
         }
         else
         {
            memcpy(filldata, fillvalue, file_type_size);
            filldata = (char *)filldata + file_type_size;
         }
      }
   }

  exit:
/**   if (var->xtype == NC_CHAR && mem_typeid > 0 && H5Tclose(mem_typeid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);*/
   if (file_spaceid > 0)
   {
      if (H5Sclose(file_spaceid) < 0)
	 BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces--;
#endif
   }
   if (mem_spaceid > 0)
   {
      if (H5Sclose(mem_spaceid) < 0)
	 BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces--;
#endif
   }
   if (xfer_plistid > 0)
   {
      if (H5Pclose(xfer_plistid) < 0)
	 BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
   }
#ifndef HDF5_CONVERT
   if (need_to_convert) 
      free(bufr);
#endif
   if (xtend_size) 
      free(xtend_size);
   if (fillvalue) 
   {
      if (var->xtype == NC_STRING)
      {
         if (nc_free_string(1, (char **)fillvalue)) 
            return NC_ENOMEM;
      }
      else
         free(fillvalue);
   }

   /* If there was an error return it, otherwise return any potential
      range error value. If none, return NC_NOERR as usual.*/
   if (retval)      
      return retval;
   if (range_error)
      return NC_ERANGE;
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* This function is a bit of a hack. Turns out that HDF5 dimension
 * scales cannot themselves have scales attached. This leaves
 * multidimensional coordinate variables hosed. So this function
 * writes a special attribute for such a variable, which has the ids
 * of all the dimensions for that coordinate variable. This sucks,
 * really. But that's the way the cookie crumbles. Better luck next
 * time. This function also contains a new way of dealing with HDF5
 * error handling, abandoning the BAIL macros for a more organic and
 * natural approach, made with whole grains, and locally-grown
 * vegetables. */
static int
write_coord_dimids(NC_VAR_INFO_T *var)      
{
   hsize_t coords_len[1];
   hid_t c_spaceid = -1, c_attid = -1;
   int ret = 0;

   /* Write our attribute. */
   coords_len[0] = var->ndims;
   if ((c_spaceid = H5Screate_simple(1, coords_len, coords_len)) < 0) ret++;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
   if (!ret && (c_attid = H5Acreate(var->hdf_datasetid, COORDINATES, H5T_NATIVE_INT, 
                                    c_spaceid, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0) ret++;
   if (!ret && H5Awrite(c_attid, H5T_NATIVE_INT, var->dimids) < 0) ret++;

   /* Close up shop. */
   if (c_spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(c_spaceid) < 0) ret++;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (c_attid > 0 && H5Aclose(c_attid) < 0) ret++;
   return ret ? NC_EHDFERR : 0;
}

/* Write a special attribute for the netCDF-4 dimension ID. */
static int
write_netcdf4_dimid(hid_t datasetid, int dimid)
{
   hid_t dimid_spaceid, dimid_attid;

   /* Create the space. */
   if ((dimid_spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0) 
      return NC_EHDFERR;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces++;
#endif

   /* Does the attribute already exist? If so, don't try to create it. */
   H5E_BEGIN_TRY { 
      dimid_attid = H5Aopen_by_name(datasetid, ".", NC_DIMID_ATT_NAME, 
				    H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
   } H5E_END_TRY;
  
   /* Create the attribute if needed. */
   if (dimid_attid < 0)
      if ((dimid_attid = H5Acreate(datasetid, NC_DIMID_ATT_NAME, 
				   H5T_NATIVE_INT, dimid_spaceid, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
	 return NC_EHDFERR;

   /* Write it. */
   LOG((4, "write_netcdf4_dimid: writting secret dimid %d", dimid));
   if (H5Awrite(dimid_attid, H5T_NATIVE_INT, &dimid) < 0)
      return NC_EHDFERR;

   /* Close stuff*/
   if (H5Sclose(dimid_spaceid) < 0) 
      return NC_EHDFERR;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (H5Aclose(dimid_attid) < 0)
      return NC_EHDFERR;

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* This function creates the HDF5 dataset for a variabale. */
static int
var_create_dataset(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, int write_dimid)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *g;
   hid_t plistid = 0, access_plistid = 0, typeid = 0, spaceid = 0;
   hsize_t *chunksize = NULL, *dimsize = NULL, *maxdimsize = NULL;
   int d;
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim = NULL;
   void *fillp = NULL;
   int dims_found = 0;
   int set_chunksizes = 0;
   char *name_to_use;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;
   
   LOG((3, "var_create_dataset: name %s", var->name));

   /* Scalar or not, we need a creation property list. */
   if ((plistid = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_CREATE)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists++;
#endif
   if ((access_plistid = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_ACCESS)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists++;
#endif

   /* Find the HDF5 type of the dataset. */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, var->xtype, &typeid, 
				    var->type_info->endianness)))
      BAIL(retval);

   /* Figure out what fill value to set, if any. */
   if (!var->no_fill)
   {
      if ((retval = get_fill_value(grp->file->nc4_info, var, &fillp)))
         BAIL(retval);

      /* If there is a fill value, set it. */
      if (fillp)
      {
         if (var->xtype == NC_STRING)
         {
            if (H5Pset_fill_value(plistid, typeid, &fillp) < 0)
               BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
            free((char *)fillp);
         }
         else 
         {
	    /* The fill value set in HDF5 must always be presented as
	     * a native type, even if the endianness for this dataset
	     * is non-native. HDF5 will translate the fill value to
	     * the target endiannesss. */
	    hid_t fill_typeid;
            if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, var->xtype, &fill_typeid, 
					     NC_ENDIAN_NATIVE)))
               BAIL(retval);
            if (H5Pset_fill_value(plistid, fill_typeid, fillp) < 0)
               BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
            if (var->type_info->class == NC_VLEN)
               nc_free_vlen((nc_vlen_t *)fillp);
            else
               free(fillp);
            if (var->type_info->nc_typeid == NC_STRING || var->type_info->nc_typeid == NC_CHAR)
	       if (H5Tclose(fill_typeid) < 0)
		  BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
         }
      }
   } else {
       /* Required to truly turn HDF5 fill values off */
       if(H5Pset_fill_time(plistid,H5D_FILL_TIME_NEVER) < 0)
	   BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
   }

   /* If the user wants to shuffle the data, set that up now. */
   if (var->shuffle)
      if (H5Pset_shuffle(plistid) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

   /* If the user wants to deflate the data, set that up now. */
   if (var->deflate)
      if (H5Pset_deflate(plistid, var->deflate_level) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

   /* Szip? NO! We don't want anyone to produce szipped netCDF files! */
/* #ifdef USE_SZIP */
/*    if (var->options_mask) */
/*       if (H5Pset_szip(plistid, var->options_mask, var->bits_per_pixel) < 0) */
/*          BAIL(NC_EHDFERR); */
/* #endif */
  
   /* If the user wants to fletcher error correcton, set that up now. */
   if (var->fletcher32)
      if (H5Pset_fletcher32(plistid) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

   /* If ndims non-zero, get info for all dimensions. We look up the
      dimids and get the len of each dimension. We need this to create
      the space for the dataset. In netCDF a dimension length of zero
      means an unlimited dimension. */
   if (var->ndims)
   {
      int unlimdim = 0;

      /* Check to see if any unlimited dimensions are used in this var. */
      for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
	 if (var->dim[d]->unlimited)
	    unlimdim++;

      /* If there are no unlimited dims, and no filters, and the user
       * has not specified chunksizes, use contiguous variable for
       * better performance. */
      if (!unlimdim && !var->shuffle && !var->deflate && !var->options_mask &&
          !var->fletcher32 && !var->chunksizes[0])
         var->contiguous = 1;

      if (!(dimsize = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
         BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
      if (!(maxdimsize = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
         BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
      if (!(chunksize = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
         BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
/*      for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
	 dimsize[d] = var->dim[d]->unlimited ? NC_HDF5_UNLIMITED_DIMSIZE : var->dim[d]->len;
      maxdimsize[d] = var->dim[d]->unlimited ? H5S_UNLIMITED : (hsize_t)var->dim[d]->len;
      chunksize[d] = var->chunksizes[d];*/
   
         for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
         for (g = grp; g && (dims_found < var->ndims); g = g->parent)
            for (dim = g->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
               if (dim->dimid == var->dimids[d])
               {
                  dimsize[d] = dim->unlimited ? NC_HDF5_UNLIMITED_DIMSIZE : dim->len;
                  maxdimsize[d] = dim->unlimited ? H5S_UNLIMITED : (hsize_t)dim->len;
                  if (var->chunksizes[d])
                     chunksize[d] = var->chunksizes[d];
                  else
                  {
		     size_t type_size;
		     if (var->type_info->nc_typeid == NC_STRING)
			type_size = sizeof(char *);
		     else
			type_size = var->type_info->size;
		     
		     /* Unlimited dim always gets chunksize of 1. */
		     if (dim->unlimited)
			chunksize[d] = 1;
		     else
			chunksize[d] = pow((double)DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE/type_size, 
					   1/(double)(var->ndims - unlimdim));
		     
		     /* If the chunksize is greater than the dim
		      * length, make it the dim length. */
		     if (!dim->unlimited && chunksize[d] > dim->len)
			chunksize[d] = dim->len;
		     set_chunksizes++;
                  }

                  if (!var->contiguous && !var->chunksizes[d])
                     var->chunksizes[d] = chunksize[d];
                  dims_found++;
                  break;
               }
      
      if (var->contiguous)
      {
         if (H5Pset_layout(plistid, H5D_CONTIGUOUS) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      }
      else
      {
         if (H5Pset_chunk(plistid, var->ndims, chunksize) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      }
   
      /* Create the dataspace. */
      if ((spaceid = H5Screate_simple(var->ndims, dimsize, maxdimsize)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
   }
   else
   {
      if ((spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
   }

   /* Turn on creation order tracking. */
   if (H5Pset_attr_creation_order(plistid, H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED|
                                  H5P_CRT_ORDER_INDEXED) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

   /* Set per-var chunk cache. */
   if (var->chunk_cache_size)
      if (H5Pset_chunk_cache(access_plistid, var->chunk_cache_nelems,
			     var->chunk_cache_size, var->chunk_cache_preemption) < 0)
	 BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

   /* At long last, create the dataset. */
   name_to_use = var->hdf5_name ? var->hdf5_name : var->name;
   LOG((4, "var_create_dataset: about to H5Dcreate dataset %s of type 0x%x", 
        name_to_use, typeid));
   if ((var->hdf_datasetid = H5Dcreate2(grp->hdf_grpid, name_to_use, typeid, 
					spaceid, H5P_DEFAULT, plistid, access_plistid)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
   var->created++;
   var->dirty = 0;

   /* If this is a dimscale, mark it as such in the HDF5 file. Also
    * find the dimension info and store the dataset id of the dimscale
    * dataset. */
   if (var->dimscale)
   {
      if (H5DSset_scale(var->hdf_datasetid, var->name) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      for (dim = grp->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
         if (strcmp(dim->name, var->name) == 0)
         {
            dim->hdf_dimscaleid = var->hdf_datasetid;
            break;
         }

      /* Make sure we found a dimension, and gave it a dimscale id. */
      if (!dim || !dim->hdf_dimscaleid)
         BAIL(NC_EDIMMETA);

      /* If this is a multidimensional coordinate variable, write a
       * coordinates attribute. */
      if (var->ndims > 1)
         if ((retval = write_coord_dimids(var)))
            BAIL(retval);

      /* If desired, write the netCDF dimid. */
      if (write_dimid)
	 if ((retval = write_netcdf4_dimid(var->hdf_datasetid, 
					   var->dimids[0])))
	    BAIL(retval);

   }

  exit:
   if (var->type_info->nc_typeid == NC_STRING || var->type_info->nc_typeid == NC_CHAR)
      if (typeid > 0 && H5Tclose(typeid) < 0)
	  BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
   if (plistid > 0 && H5Pclose(plistid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
   if (access_plistid > 0 && H5Pclose(access_plistid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
   if (spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(spaceid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (maxdimsize) free(maxdimsize);
   if (dimsize) free(dimsize);
   if (chunksize) free(chunksize);
   return retval;
}

/* Adjust the chunk cache of a var for better performance. */
int
nc4_adjust_var_cache(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, NC_VAR_INFO_T * var)
{
   size_t chunk_size_bytes = 1;
   int d;
   int retval;

   /* Nothing to be done. */
   if (var->contiguous)
      return NC_NOERR;
#ifdef USE_PARALLEL
   return NC_NOERR;
#endif

   /* How many bytes in the chunk? */
   for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
      chunk_size_bytes *= var->chunksizes[d];
   if (var->type_info->size)
      chunk_size_bytes *= var->type_info->size;
   else
      chunk_size_bytes *= sizeof(char *);

   /* If the chunk cache is too small, and the user has not changed
    * the default value of the chunk cache size, then increase the
    * size of the cache. */
   if (var->chunk_cache_size == CHUNK_CACHE_SIZE)
      if (chunk_size_bytes > var->chunk_cache_size)
      {
	 var->chunk_cache_size = chunk_size_bytes * DEFAULT_CHUNKS_IN_CACHE;
	 if (var->chunk_cache_size > MAX_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE)
	    var->chunk_cache_size = MAX_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE;
	 if ((retval = nc4_reopen_dataset(grp, var)))
	    return retval;
      }

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Read or write an attribute. */
static int 
put_att_grpa(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int varid, NC_ATT_INFO_T *att)
{
   hid_t datasetid = 0, locid;
   hid_t attid = 0, spaceid = 0, file_typeid = 0;
   hsize_t dims[1]; /* netcdf attributes always 1-D. */
   int retval = NC_NOERR;
   void *data;
   int phoney_data = 99;

   assert(att->name);
   LOG((3, "put_att_grpa: varid %d att->attnum %d att->name %s "
        "att->xtype %d att->len %d", varid, att->attnum, att->name,
        att->xtype, att->len));

   /* If the file is read-only, return an error. */
   if (grp->file->nc4_info->no_write)
      return NC_EPERM;
   
   /* Get the hid to attach the attribute to, or read it from. */
   if (varid == NC_GLOBAL)
      locid = grp->hdf_grpid;
   else 
   {
      if ((retval = nc4_open_var_grp2(grp, varid, &datasetid)))
         BAIL(retval);
      locid = datasetid;
   }

   /* Delete the att if it exists already. */
   H5E_BEGIN_TRY {
      H5Adelete(locid, att->name);
   } H5E_END_TRY;
      
   /* Get the length ready, and find the HDF type we'll be
    * writing. */
   dims[0] = att->len;
   if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, att->xtype, 
				    &file_typeid, 0)))
      BAIL(retval);

   /* Even if the length is zero, HDF5 won't let me write with a
    * NULL pointer. So if the length of the att is zero, point to
    * some phoney data (which won't be written anyway.)*/
   if (!dims[0])
      data = &phoney_data;
   else if (att->data)
      data = att->data;
   else if (att->stdata)
      data = att->stdata;
   else 
      data = att->vldata;

   /* NC_CHAR types require some extra work. The space ID is set to
    * scalar, and the type is told how long the string is. If it's
    * really zero length, set the size to 1. (The fact that it's
    * really zero will be marked by the NULL dataspace, but HDF5
    * doesn't allow me to set the size of the type to zero.)*/
   if (att->xtype == NC_CHAR)
   {
      size_t string_size = dims[0];
      if (!string_size)
      {
         string_size = 1;
         if ((spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_NULL)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }
      else
      {
         if ((spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }
      if (H5Tset_size(file_typeid, string_size) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
      if (H5Tset_strpad(file_typeid, H5T_STR_NULLTERM) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
   }
   else
   {
      if (!att->len)
      {
         if ((spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_NULL)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }
      else
      {
         if ((spaceid = H5Screate_simple(1, dims, NULL)) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif
      }
   }
   if ((attid = H5Acreate(locid, att->name, file_typeid, spaceid, 
                          H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);

   /* Write the values, (even if length is zero). */
   if (H5Awrite(attid, file_typeid, data) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EATTMETA);

  exit:
   if (att->xtype == NC_CHAR || att->xtype == NC_STRING)
      if (file_typeid && H5Tclose(file_typeid))
	 BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
   if (attid > 0 && H5Aclose(attid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
   if (spaceid > 0 && H5Sclose(spaceid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   return retval;
}

/* Create a HDF5 defined type from a NC_TYPE_INFO_T struct, and commit
 * it to the file. */
static int
commit_type(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, NC_TYPE_INFO_T *type)
{
   NC_FIELD_INFO_T *field;
   NC_ENUM_MEMBER_INFO_T *enum_m;
   hid_t hdf_base_typeid, hdf_typeid;
   int retval;

   assert(grp && type);

   /* Did we already record this type? */
   if (type->committed) 
      return NC_NOERR;
   
   /* Is this a compound type? */
   if (type->class == NC_COMPOUND)
   {
      if ((type->hdf_typeid = H5Tcreate(H5T_COMPOUND, type->size)) < 0)
         return NC_EHDFERR;
      LOG((4, "creating compound type %s hdf_typeid 0x%x", type->name, 
           type->hdf_typeid));
      for (field = type->field; field; field = field->next)
      {
         if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, field->nctype, 
					  &hdf_base_typeid, type->endianness)))
            return retval;
         /* If this is an array, create a special array type. */
         if (field->ndims)
         {
            int d;
            hsize_t dims[NC_MAX_DIMS];
            for (d = 0; d < field->ndims; d++)
               dims[d] = field->dim_size[d];
            if ((hdf_typeid = H5Tarray_create(hdf_base_typeid, field->ndims, 
                                              dims, NULL)) < 0)
               return NC_EHDFERR;
         } 
         else
            hdf_typeid = hdf_base_typeid;
         LOG((4, "inserting field %s offset %d hdf_typeid 0x%x", field->name, 
              field->offset, hdf_typeid));
         if (H5Tinsert(type->hdf_typeid, field->name, field->offset, 
                       hdf_typeid) < 0)
            return NC_EHDFERR;
         if (field->ndims && H5Tclose(hdf_typeid) < 0)
            return NC_EHDFERR;
      }
   } 
   else if (type->class == NC_VLEN)
   {
      /* Find the HDF typeid of the base type of this vlen. */
      if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, type->base_nc_type, 
				       &type->base_hdf_typeid, type->endianness)))
         return retval;

      /* Create a vlen type. */
      if ((type->hdf_typeid = H5Tvlen_create(type->base_hdf_typeid)) < 0)
         return NC_EHDFERR;
   } 
   else if (type->class == NC_OPAQUE)
   {
      /* Create the opaque type. */
      if ((type->hdf_typeid = H5Tcreate(H5T_OPAQUE, type->size)) < 0)
         return NC_EHDFERR;
   } 
   else if (type->class == NC_ENUM)
   {
      if (!type->enum_member)
         return NC_EINVAL;

      /* Find the HDF typeid of the base type of this enum. */
      if ((retval = nc4_get_hdf_typeid(grp->file->nc4_info, type->base_nc_type, 
				       &type->base_hdf_typeid, type->endianness)))
         return retval;
      
      /* Create an enum type. */
      if ((type->hdf_typeid =  H5Tenum_create(type->base_hdf_typeid)) < 0) 
         return NC_EHDFERR;
      
      /* Add all the members to the HDF5 type. */
      for (enum_m = type->enum_member; enum_m; enum_m = enum_m->next)   
         if (H5Tenum_insert(type->hdf_typeid, enum_m->name, 
                            enum_m->value) < 0) 
            return NC_EHDFERR;
   } 
   else
   {
      LOG((0, "Unknown class: %d", type->class));
      return NC_EBADTYPE;
   }
      
   /* Commit the type. */
   if (H5Tcommit(grp->hdf_grpid, type->name, type->hdf_typeid) < 0)
      return NC_EHDFERR;
   type->committed++;
   LOG((4, "just committed type %s, HDF typeid: 0x%x", type->name, 
        type->hdf_typeid));
   
   /* Later we will always use the native typeid. In this case, it is
    * a copy of the same type pointed to by hdf_typeid, but it's
    * easier to maintain a copy. */
   if ((type->native_typeid = H5Tget_native_type(type->hdf_typeid, 
                                                 H5T_DIR_DEFAULT)) < 0)
      return NC_EHDFERR;

   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Write an attribute, with value 1, to indicate that strict NC3 rules
 * apply to this file. */
static int
write_nc3_strict_att(hid_t hdf_grpid)
{
   hid_t attid = 0, spaceid = 0;
   int one = 1, num, a;
   char att_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];
   int retval = NC_NOERR;

   /* If the attribute already exists, call that a success and return
    * NC_NOERR. */
   if ((num = H5Aget_num_attrs(hdf_grpid)) < 0)
      return NC_EHDFERR;
   for (a = 0; a < num; a++) 
   {
      if ((attid = H5Aopen_idx(hdf_grpid, (unsigned int)a)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      if (H5Aget_name(attid, NC_MAX_HDF5_NAME, att_name) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      if (!strcmp(att_name, NC3_STRICT_ATT_NAME))
      {
         if (H5Aclose(attid) < 0)
            return NC_EFILEMETA;
         return NC_NOERR;
      }
   }

   /* Create the attribute to mark this as a file that needs to obey
    * strict netcdf-3 rules. */
   if ((spaceid = H5Screate(H5S_SCALAR)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EFILEMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_spaces++;
#endif
   if ((attid = H5Acreate(hdf_grpid, NC3_STRICT_ATT_NAME, 
                          H5T_NATIVE_INT, spaceid, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EFILEMETA);
   if (H5Awrite(attid, H5T_NATIVE_INT, &one) < 0)
      BAIL(NC_EFILEMETA);

  exit:
   if (spaceid && (H5Sclose(spaceid) < 0))
      BAIL2(NC_EFILEMETA);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
   num_spaces--;
#endif
   if (attid && (H5Aclose(attid) < 0))
      BAIL2(NC_EFILEMETA);
   return retval;
}

static int
create_group(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   hid_t gcpl_id = 0;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;;

   assert(grp);

   /* If this is not the root group, create it in the HDF5 file. */
   if (grp->parent)
   {
      /* Create group, with link_creation_order set in the group
       * creation property list. */
      if ((gcpl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_GROUP_CREATE)) < 0)
         return NC_EHDFERR;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists++;
#endif
      if (H5Pset_link_creation_order(gcpl_id, H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED|H5P_CRT_ORDER_INDEXED) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      if (H5Pset_attr_creation_order(gcpl_id, H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED|H5P_CRT_ORDER_INDEXED) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      if ((grp->hdf_grpid = H5Gcreate2(grp->parent->hdf_grpid, grp->name,  
                                       H5P_DEFAULT, gcpl_id, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
      if (H5Pclose(gcpl_id) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
   }
   else
   {
      /* Since this is the root group, we have to open it. */
      if ((grp->hdf_grpid = H5Gopen2(grp->file->nc4_info->hdfid, "/", H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
         BAIL(NC_EFILEMETA);
   }
   return NC_NOERR;

  exit:
   if (gcpl_id > 0 && H5Pclose(gcpl_id) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
      num_plists--;
#endif
   if (grp->hdf_grpid > 0 && H5Gclose(grp->hdf_grpid) < 0)
      BAIL2(NC_EHDFERR);
   return retval;
}

/* After all the datasets of the file have been read, it's time to
 * sort the wheat from the chaff. Which of the datasets are netCDF
 * dimensions, and which are coordinate variables, and which are
 * non-coordinate variables. */
static int
attach_dimscales(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim1;
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *g;    
   int d;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;

   /* Attach dimension scales. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
   {
      /* Scales themselves do not attach. But I really wish they
       * would. */
      if (var->dimscale) 
      {
         /* If this is a multidimensional coordinate variable, it will
          * have a special coords attribute (read earlier) with a list
          * of the dimensions for this variable. */
      }
      else /* not a dimscale... */ 
      {
         /* Find the scale for each dimension and attach it. */
         for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
         {
	    /* Is there a dimscale for this dimension? */
            if (var->dimscale_attached) 
	    {
	       if (!var->dimscale_attached[d])
	       {
		  for (g = grp; g && !var->dimscale_attached[d]; g = g->parent)
		     for (dim1 = g->dim; dim1; dim1 = dim1->next)
			if (var->dimids[d] == dim1->dimid)
			{
			   LOG((2, "attach_dimscales: attaching scale for dimid %d to var %s", 
				var->dimids[d], var->name));
			   if (H5DSattach_scale(var->hdf_datasetid, dim1->hdf_dimscaleid, d) < 0)
			      BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
			   var->dimscale_attached[d]++;
			   break;
			}
	       }
            
	       /* If we didn't find a dimscale to attach, that's a problem! */
	       if (!var->dimscale_attached[d])
	       {
		  LOG((0, "no dimscale found!"));
		  return NC_EDIMSCALE;
	       }
	    }
	    else
	    {
	       /* Create a phoney dimension! */
	       
	    }
	 }
      } /* next d */
   }
  exit:
   return retval;
}

/* Write all the dirty atts in an attlist. */
static int
write_attlist(NC_ATT_INFO_T *attlist, int varid, NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   NC_ATT_INFO_T *att;
   int retval;

   for (att = attlist; att; att = att->next)
   {
      if (att->dirty)
      {
         LOG((4, "write_attlist: writing att %s to varid %d", att->name, varid));
         if ((retval = put_att_grpa(grp, varid, att)))
            return retval;
         att->dirty = 0;
         att->created++;
      }
   }
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Using the HDF5 group iterator is more efficient than the original
 * code (O(n) vs O(n**2) for n variables in the group) */
#define USE_ITERATE_CODE
#ifdef  USE_ITERATE_CODE
typedef struct {
    char *name;          /* The name of the object to searched*/
    int  *exists;         /* 1 if the object exists, 0 otherswise */
} var_exists_iter_info;

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    var_exists_cb
 *
 * Purpose:     Callback routine for checking an object by its name
 *
 * Return:      Exist:      1
 *              Not exist:  0
 *              Failure:   -1
 *
 * Programmer:  Peter Cao
 *              1/25/2012
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
var_exists_cb(hid_t grpid, const char *name, const H5L_info_t *info,
    void *_op_data)
{
    var_exists_iter_info *iter_info = (var_exists_iter_info *)_op_data;
    H5I_type_t otype;
	hid_t oid;

    if ((oid = H5Oopen(grpid, name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0) 
        return H5_ITER_STOP;
	  
    if ((otype = H5Iget_type( oid ))<0) {
		H5Oclose(oid);
		return H5_ITER_STOP;
	}
    H5Oclose(oid);
	
    if (otype == H5I_DATASET) {
		if (!strcmp(iter_info->name, name)) {
			*(iter_info->exists) = 1;
			return (H5_ITER_STOP);
		}
	}

    return (H5_ITER_CONT);
} /* end var_exists_cb() */

static int
var_exists(hid_t grpid, char *name, int *exists)
{
    hsize_t num_obj;
    var_exists_iter_info iter_info;
    iter_info.name = name;
    iter_info.exists = exists;

	if (H5Gget_num_objs(grpid, &num_obj) < 0)
      return NC_EVARMETA;

    if (!name)
       return NC_NOERR;
	   
    *exists = 0;
    if (H5Literate(grpid, H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER, H5_ITER_INC, NULL, var_exists_cb, &iter_info) < 0)
       return NC_EHDFERR;

    return NC_NOERR;
}
#else
static int
var_exists(hid_t grpid, char *name, int *exists)
{
   hsize_t num_obj, i;
   H5O_info_t obj_info;
   int obj_class;
   char obj_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];
   ssize_t size;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;
   
   *exists = 0;
   if (H5Gget_num_objs(grpid, &num_obj) < 0)
      return NC_EVARMETA;
   for (i = 0; i < num_obj; i++)
   {
      if (H5Oget_info_by_idx(grpid, ".", H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER, H5_ITER_INC, i, &obj_info, H5P_DEFAULT) < 0) 
         return NC_EHDFERR;
      obj_class = obj_info.type;
      if ((size = H5Lget_name_by_idx(grpid, ".", H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER, H5_ITER_INC, i, NULL, 0, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0) 
         return NC_EHDFERR;
      if (size > NC_MAX_NAME)
         return NC_EMAXNAME;
      if (H5Lget_name_by_idx(grpid, ".", H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER, H5_ITER_INC, i, obj_name, size+1, H5P_DEFAULT) < 0) 
         return NC_EHDFERR;
      if (obj_class == H5O_TYPE_DATASET)
      {
         if (!strncmp(name, obj_name, NC_MAX_NAME))
         {
            *exists = 1;
            return NC_NOERR;
         }
      }
   }

   return retval;
}
#endif	/* USE_ITERATE_CODE */

/* This function writes a variable. The principle difficulty comes
 * from the possibility that this is a coordinate variable, and was
 * already written to the file as a dimension-only dimscale. If this
 * occurs, then it must be deleted and recreated. */
static int
write_var(NC_VAR_INFO_T *var, NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int write_dimid)
{
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *d1 = NULL;
   int replace_existing_var = 0;
   int exists;
   int retval;

   if (!var->dirty)
   {
      if (write_dimid && var->ndims)
	 if ((retval = write_netcdf4_dimid(var->hdf_datasetid, 
					   var->dimids[0])))
	    BAIL(retval);
   }
   else
   {
      LOG((4, "write_var: writing var %s", var->name));

      if (var->created)
         replace_existing_var = 1;

      /* If this is a coordinate var, and a dataset has already
       * been created for it, then delete that dataset and recreate
       * it (because its type may be wrong anyway.) But then we
       * have to reattach dimension scales for all vars! Oh well,
       * this all only happens when the user defines a var, writes
       * metadata, reenters define mode, and adds a coordinate
       * var. Presumably this will happen rarely. */

      /* Is this a coordinate var that has already been created in
       * the HDF5 as a dimscale dataset? Check for dims with the
       * same name in this group. If there is one, check to see if
       * this object exists in the HDF group. */
      if (var->dimscale)
         for (d1 = grp->dim; d1; d1 = d1->next)
            if (!strcmp(d1->name, var->name))
            {
               if ((retval = var_exists(grp->hdf_grpid, var->name, &exists)))
                  return retval;
               if (exists)
               {
                  replace_existing_var++;

                  /* If we're replacing an existing dimscale dataset, go to
                   * every var in the file and detatch this dimension scale,
                   * because we have to delete it. */
                  if ((retval = rec_detach_scales(grp->file->nc4_info->root_grp, 
                                                  var->dimids[0], d1->hdf_dimscaleid)))
                     return retval;
                  break;
               }
            }
         
      /* Delete the HDF5 dataset that is to be replaced. */
      if (replace_existing_var)
      {
         /* If this is a dimension scale, do this stuff. */
         if (d1)
         {
            assert(d1 && d1->hdf_dimscaleid);
            if (H5Dclose(d1->hdf_dimscaleid) < 0) 
               return NC_EDIMMETA;
         }
         else
         {
            int dims_detached = 0;
            int finished = 0;
            int d;
            NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim1;
            NC_GRP_INFO_T *g;

            /* If this is a regular var, detach all its dim scales. */
            for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
               for (g = grp; g && !finished; g = g->parent)
                  for (dim1 = g->dim; dim1; dim1 = dim1->next)
                     if (var->dimids[d] == dim1->dimid)
                     {
                        if (H5DSdetach_scale(var->hdf_datasetid, dim1->hdf_dimscaleid, d) < 0)
                           BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
                        var->dimscale_attached[d] = 0;
                        if (dims_detached++ == var->ndims)
                           finished++;
                     }
         }

         /* Free the HDF5 dataset id. */
         if (var->hdf_datasetid && H5Dclose(var->hdf_datasetid)) 
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
               
         /* Now delete the variable. */
         if (H5Gunlink(grp->hdf_grpid, var->name) < 0)
            return NC_EDIMMETA;
      }

      /* Create the dataset. */
      if ((retval = var_create_dataset(grp, var, write_dimid)))
         return retval;
         
      /* Reattach this scale everywhere it is used. (Recall that
       * netCDF dimscales are always 1-D). */
      if (d1 && replace_existing_var)
      {
         d1->hdf_dimscaleid = var->hdf_datasetid;
         if ((retval = rec_reattach_scales(grp->file->nc4_info->root_grp, 
                                           var->dimids[0], d1->hdf_dimscaleid)))
            return retval;
      }
   }
         
   /* Now check the atributes for this var. */
   /* Write attributes for this var. */
   if ((retval = write_attlist(var->att, var->varid, grp)))
      BAIL(retval);
   
   return NC_NOERR;
  exit:
   return retval;
}

static int
write_dim(NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim, NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp, int write_dimid)
{
   hid_t spaceid, create_propid;
   hsize_t dims[1], max_dims[1], chunk_dims[1] = {1}; 
   int dimscale_exists = 0;
   char dimscale_wo_var[NC_MAX_NAME];
   int retval;

   if (dim->dirty)
   {
      /* If there's no dimscale dataset for this dim, create one,
       * and mark that it should be hidden from netCDF as a
       * variable. (That is, it should appear as a dimension
       * without an associated variable.) */
      if (!dimscale_exists)
      {
         LOG((4, "write_dim: creating dim %s", dim->name));

         /* Create a property list. If this dimension scale is
          * unlimited (i.e. it's an unlimited dimension), then set
          * up chunking, with a chunksize of 1. */
         if ((create_propid = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_CREATE)) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_plists++;
#endif
         dims[0] = dim->len;
         max_dims[0] = dim->len;
         if (dim->unlimited) 
	 {
            max_dims[0] = H5S_UNLIMITED;
            if (H5Pset_chunk(create_propid, 1, chunk_dims) < 0)
               BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
         }

         /* Set up space. */
         if ((spaceid = H5Screate_simple(1, dims, max_dims)) < 0) 
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces++;
#endif

         /* If we define, and then rename this dimension before
          * creation of the dimscale dataset, then we can throw
          * away the old_name of the dimension. */
         if (dim->old_name && strlen(dim->old_name))
            strcpy(dim->old_name, "");

         if (H5Pset_attr_creation_order(create_propid, H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED|
                                        H5P_CRT_ORDER_INDEXED) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

         /* Create the dataset that will be the dimension scale. */
         LOG((4, "write_dim: about to H5Dcreate a dimscale dataset %s", dim->name));
         if ((dim->hdf_dimscaleid = H5Dcreate1(grp->hdf_grpid, dim->name, H5T_IEEE_F32BE, 
                                               spaceid, create_propid)) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

         /* Close the spaceid and create_propid. */
         if (H5Sclose(spaceid) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_spaces--;
#endif
         if (H5Pclose(create_propid) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	 num_plists--;
#endif

         /* Indicate that this is a scale. Also indicate that not
          * be shown to the user as a variable. It is hidden. It is
          * a DIM WITHOUT A VARIABLE! */
         sprintf(dimscale_wo_var, "%s%10d", DIM_WITHOUT_VARIABLE, (int)dim->len);
         if (H5DSset_scale(dim->hdf_dimscaleid, dimscale_wo_var) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);

      }
      dim->dirty = 0;
   }
   
   /* Did we extend an unlimited dimension? */
   if (dim->extended)
   {
      NC_VAR_INFO_T *v1;

      assert(dim->unlimited);
      /* If this is a dimension without a variable, then update
       * the secret length information at the end of the NAME
       * attribute. */
      for (v1 = grp->var; v1; v1 = v1->next)
         if (!strcmp(v1->name, dim->name))
            break;
         
      if (v1)
      {
         hsize_t *new_size;
         NC_GRP_INFO_T *g;
         NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim1;
         int d1;

         /* Extend the dimension scale dataset to reflect the new
          * length of the dimension. */
         if (!(new_size = malloc(v1->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
            BAIL(NC_ENOMEM);
         for (d1 = 0; d1 < v1->ndims; d1++)
         {
            if (v1->dimids[d1] == dim->dimid)
               new_size[d1] = dim->len;
            else
            {
               int break_it = 0;
               for (g = grp; g && !break_it; g = g->parent)
                  for (dim1 = g->dim; dim1; dim1 = dim1->next)
                     if (dim1->dimid == v1->dimids[d1])
                     {
                        new_size[d1] = dim1->len;
                        break_it++;
                        break;
                     }
            }
         }
         if (H5Dextend(v1->hdf_datasetid, new_size) < 0)
            BAIL(NC_EHDFERR);
         free(new_size);
      }
   }

   /* Did we rename this dimension? */
   if (dim->old_name && strlen(dim->old_name))
   {
      /* Rename the dimension's dataset in the HDF5 file. */
      if (H5Gmove2(grp->hdf_grpid, dim->old_name, grp->hdf_grpid, dim->name) < 0)
         return NC_EHDFERR;
         
      /* Reset old_name. */
      strcpy(dim->old_name, "");
   }

   /* If desired, write the secret dimid. This will be used instead of
    * the dimid that the dimension would otherwise receive based on
    * creation order. This can be necessary when dims and their
    * coordinate variables were created in different order. */
   if (write_dimid && dim->hdf_dimscaleid)
      if ((retval = write_netcdf4_dimid(dim->hdf_dimscaleid, 
					dim->dimid)))
	 BAIL(retval);

   return NC_NOERR;
  exit:
   return retval;
}

/* Recursively write all the metadata in a group. Groups and types
 * have all already been written. */
int
nc4_rec_write_metadata(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *child_grp;
   int found_coord, coord_varid = -1, wrote_coord;
   int bad_coord_order = 0;
   int last_dimid = -1;
   int retval;

   assert(grp && grp->name && grp->hdf_grpid);
   LOG((3, "nc4_rec_write_metadata: grp->name %s", grp->name));

   /* Write global attributes for this group. */
   if ((retval = write_attlist(grp->att, NC_GLOBAL, grp)))
      return retval;

   /* If the user writes coord vars in a different order then he
    * defined their dimensions, then, when the file is reopened, the
    * order of the dimids will change to match the order of the coord
    * vars. Detect if this is about to happen. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
   {
      LOG((5, "checking %s for out of order coord var", var->name));
      if (var->ndims && var->dimscale)
      {
	 if (var->dimids[0] < last_dimid)
	 {
	    bad_coord_order++;
	    break;
	 }
	 last_dimid = var->dimids[0];
      }
   }

   /* Did the user define a dimension, end define mode, reenter define
    * mode, and then define a coordinate variable for that dimension?
    * If so, dimensions will be out of order. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
      if (var->dirty && !var->created && var->ndims)
	 for (dim = grp->dim; dim && dim->next; dim = dim->next)
	    if (strcmp(dim->name, var->name) && !dim->dirty)
	    {
	       LOG((5, "coord var defined after enddef/redef"));
	       bad_coord_order++;
	    }
   
      
   /* For some stupid reason, the dim list is stored backwards! Get to
    * the back of the list. */
   for (dim = grp->dim; dim && dim->next; dim = dim->next)
      ;

   /* Set the pointer to the beginning of the list of vars in this
    * group. */
   var = grp->var;

   /* Because of HDF5 ordering the dims and vars have to be stored in
    * this way to ensure that the dims and coordinate vars come out in
    * the correct order. */
   while (dim || var)
   {
      /* Write non-coord dims in order, stopping at the first one that
       * has an associated coord var. */
      for (found_coord = 0; dim && !found_coord; dim = dim->prev)
      {
         if (!dim->coord_var_in_grp)
         {
            if ((retval = write_dim(dim, grp, bad_coord_order)))
               return retval;
         }
         else
         {
            found_coord++;
            coord_varid = dim->coord_var->varid;
         }
      }

      /* Write each var. When we get to the coord var we are waiting
       * for (if any), then we break after writing it. */
      for (wrote_coord = 0; var && !wrote_coord; var = var->next)
      {
         if ((retval = write_var(var, grp, bad_coord_order)))
            return retval;
         if (found_coord && var->varid == coord_varid)
            wrote_coord++;
      }
   } /* end while */

   if ((retval = attach_dimscales(grp)))
      return retval;
   
   /* If there are any child groups, write their metadata. */
   for (child_grp = grp->children; child_grp; child_grp = child_grp->next)
      if ((retval = nc4_rec_write_metadata(child_grp)))
         return retval;
      
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* Recursively write all groups and types. */
int
nc4_rec_write_types(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *child_grp;
   NC_TYPE_INFO_T *type;
   int retval;

   assert(grp && grp->name);
   LOG((3, "nc4_rec_write_types: grp->name %s", grp->name));

   /* Create the group in the HDF5 file if it doesn't exist. */
   if (!grp->hdf_grpid)
      if ((retval = create_group(grp)))
         return retval;

   /* If this is the root group of a file with strict NC3 rules, write
    * an attribute. But don't leave the attribute open. */
   if (!grp->parent && (grp->file->nc4_info->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL))
      if ((retval = write_nc3_strict_att(grp->hdf_grpid)))
         return retval;

   /* If there are any user-defined types, write them now. */
   for (type = grp->type; type; type = type->next)
      if ((retval = commit_type(grp, type)))
         return retval;

   /* If there are any child groups, write their groups and types. */
   for (child_grp = grp->children; child_grp; child_grp = child_grp->next)
      if ((retval = nc4_rec_write_types(child_grp)))
         return retval;
      
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* This reads/writes a whole var at a time. If the file has an
   unlimited dimension, then we will look at the number of records
   currently existing for this var, and read/write that many. This
   this is not what the user intended, particularly with writing, then
   that is there look-out! So we will not be extending datasets
   here. */
int
pg_var(NC_PG_T pg, NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc, int ncid, int varid, nc_type xtype, 
       int is_long, void *ip)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   size_t start[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS], count[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   int i;
   int retval;

   assert(nc);
   if ((retval = nc4_find_g_var_nc(nc, ncid, varid, &grp, &var)))
      return retval;
   assert(grp && var && var->name);

   /* For each dimension, the start will be 0, and the count will be
    * the length of the dimension. */
   for (i = 0; i < var->ndims; i++)
   {
      start[i] = 0;
      if ((retval = nc_inq_dimlen(ncid, var->dimids[i], &(count[i]))))
         return retval;
   }

   /* Read or write the data. */
   if (pg == GET)
      return nc4_get_vara(nc, ncid, varid, start, count, xtype, 
                          is_long, ip);
   else
      return nc4_put_vara(nc, ncid, varid, start, count, xtype, 
                          is_long, ip);
}

/* Write or read some mapped data. Yea, like I even understand what it
   is!  

   I stole this code, lock, stock, and semicolons, from the netcdf
   3.5.1 beta release. It walks through the stride and map arrays, and
   converts them to a series of calles to the varm function.

   I had to modify the code a little to fit it in, and generalize it
   for all data types, and for both puts and gets.

   Ed Hartnett, 9/43/03
*/
int 
nc4_pg_varm(NC_PG_T pg, NC_FILE_INFO_T *nc, int ncid, int varid, const size_t *start, 
            const size_t *edges, const ptrdiff_t *stride,
            const ptrdiff_t *map, nc_type xtype, int is_long, void *data)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp;
   NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   int maxidim;    /* maximum dimensional index */
   size_t mem_type_size;
   int convert_map = 0;
   ptrdiff_t new_map[NC_MAX_VAR_DIMS];
   int i;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;

   LOG((3, "nc4_pg_varm: ncid 0x%x varid %d xtype %d", ncid, varid, 
        xtype));

   /* Find metadata for this file and var. */
   assert(nc && nc->nc4_info);
   h5 = nc->nc4_info;
   if ((retval = nc4_find_g_var_nc(nc, ncid, varid, &grp, &var)))
      return retval;
   assert(grp && var && var->name);

   /* If mem_nc_type is NC_NAT, it means we were called by
    * nc_get|put_varm, the old V2 API call! In this case we want to
    * use the file type as the mem type as well. Also, for these two
    * functions only, we interpret the map array as referring to
    * numbers of bytes rather than number of elements. (This is
    * something that changed between V2 and V3.) Also we do not allow
    * mapped access to user-defined vars in nc4. */
   if (xtype == NC_NAT)
   {
      if (var->xtype > NC_STRING)
         return NC_EMAPTYPE;
      xtype = var->xtype;
      convert_map++;
   }
   assert(xtype);

   /* What is the size of this type? */
   if ((retval = nc4_get_typelen_mem(h5, xtype, is_long, &mem_type_size)))
      return retval;

   if(map != NULL && var->ndims && convert_map)
   {
      /* convert map units from bytes to units of sizeof(type) */
      for(i = 0; i < var->ndims; i++)
      {
         if(map[i] % mem_type_size != 0)        
            return NC_EINVAL;
         new_map[i] = map[i] / mem_type_size;
      }
      map = new_map;
   }

   /* No text to number hanky-panky is allowed for those observing
    * strict netcdf-3 rules! It's sick. */
   if ((h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL) && (xtype == NC_CHAR || var->xtype == NC_CHAR) &&
       (xtype != var->xtype))
      return NC_ECHAR;

   /* If the file is read-only, return an error. */
   if (pg == PUT && h5->no_write)
      return NC_EPERM;

   /* If we're in define mode, we can't read or write data. If strict
    * nc3 rules are in effect, return an error, otherwise leave define
    * mode. */
   if (h5->flags & NC_INDEF)
   {
      if (h5->cmode & NC_CLASSIC_MODEL)
         return NC_EINDEFINE;
      if ((retval = nc_enddef(ncid)))
         BAIL(retval);
   }

#ifdef LOGGING
   {
      int i;
      if (start)
         for (i=0; i<var->ndims; i++)
            LOG((4, "start[%d] %d", i, start[i]));
      if (edges)
         for (i=0; i<var->ndims; i++)
            LOG((4, "edges[%d] %d", i, edges[i]));
      if (stride)
         for (i=0; i<var->ndims; i++)
            LOG((4, "stride[%d] %d", i, stride[i]));
      if (map)
         for (i=0; i<var->ndims; i++)
            LOG((4, "map[%d] %d", i, map[i]));
   }
#endif /* LOGGING */

   /* The code below was stolen from netcdf-3. Some comments by Ed. */
   maxidim = (int) var->ndims - 1;
   if (maxidim < 0)
   {
      /* The variable is a scalar; consequently, there is only one
         thing to get and only one place to put it.  (Why was I
         called?) */
      return pg_var(pg, nc, ncid, varid, xtype, is_long, data);
   }
        
   /* The variable is an array.  */
   {
      int idim;
      size_t *mystart = NULL;
      size_t *myedges;
      size_t *iocount;        /* count vector */
      size_t *stop;   /* stop indexes */
      size_t *length; /* edge lengths in bytes */
      ptrdiff_t *mystride;
      ptrdiff_t *mymap;

      /* Verify stride argument. */
      for (idim = 0; idim <= maxidim; ++idim)
      {
         if (stride != NULL
             && (stride[idim] == 0
                 /* cast needed for braindead systems with signed size_t */
                 || (unsigned long) stride[idim] >= X_INT_MAX))
         {
            return NC_ESTRIDE;
         }
      }

      /* The mystart array of pointer info is needed to walk our way
         through the dimensions as specified by the start, edges,
         stride and (gulp!) map parameters. */
      if (!(mystart = (size_t *)calloc((size_t)var->ndims * 7, sizeof(ptrdiff_t))))
         return NC_ENOMEM;
      myedges = mystart + var->ndims;
      iocount = myedges + var->ndims;
      stop = iocount + var->ndims;
      length = stop + var->ndims;
      mystride = (ptrdiff_t *)(length + var->ndims);
      mymap = mystride + var->ndims;

      /* Initialize I/O parameters. */
      for (idim = maxidim; idim >= 0; --idim)
      {
         /* Get start value, use 0 if non provided. */
         mystart[idim] = start != NULL ? start[idim] : 0;

         /* If any edges are 0, return NC_NOERR and forget it. */
         if (edges[idim] == 0)
         {
            retval = NC_NOERR;
            goto done;
         }

         /* If edges not provided, use the current dimlen. */
         if (edges)
            myedges[idim] = edges[idim];
         else 
         {
            size_t len;
            if ((retval = nc_inq_dimlen(ncid, var->dimids[idim], &len)))
               goto done;
            myedges[idim] = len - mystart[idim];
         }
         
         /* If stride not provided, use 1. */
         mystride[idim] = stride != NULL ? stride[idim] : 1;

         /* If map is not provided, do something dark and
            mysterious. */
         if (map)
            mymap[idim] = map[idim];
         else
            mymap[idim] = idim == maxidim ? 1 : 
               mymap[idim + 1] * (ptrdiff_t) myedges[idim + 1];

         iocount[idim] = 1;
         length[idim] = mymap[idim] * myedges[idim];
         stop[idim] = mystart[idim] + myedges[idim] * mystride[idim];
      }

      /* Check start, edges */
      for (idim = maxidim; idim >= 0; --idim)
      {
         size_t dimlen;
         if ((retval = nc_inq_dimlen(ncid, var->dimids[idim], &dimlen)))
            goto done;
         /* Don't check unlimited dimension on PUTs. */
         if (pg == PUT)
         {
            int stop = 0, d, num_unlim_dim, unlim_dimids[NC_MAX_DIMS];
            if ((retval = nc_inq_unlimdims(ncid, &num_unlim_dim, unlim_dimids)))
               goto done;
            for (d = 0; d < num_unlim_dim; d++)
               if (var->dimids[idim] == unlim_dimids[d])
                  stop++;
            if (stop)
               break;
         }
         LOG((4, "idim=%d mystart[idim]=%d myedge[idim]=%d dimlen=%d", 
              idim, mystart[idim], myedges[idim], dimlen));
         if (mystart[idim] >= dimlen)
         {
            retval = NC_EINVALCOORDS;
            goto done;
         }
         
         if (mystart[idim] + myedges[idim] > dimlen)
         {
            retval = NC_EEDGE;
            goto done;
         }
      }

      /* OK, now we're just getting too fancy... As an optimization,
         adjust I/O parameters when the fastest dimension has unity
         stride both externally and internally. In this case, the user
         could have called a simpler routine
         (i.e. ncvarnc_get_vara_text).*/
      if (mystride[maxidim] == 1
          && mymap[maxidim] == 1)
      {
         iocount[maxidim] = myedges[maxidim];
         mystride[maxidim] = (ptrdiff_t) myedges[maxidim];
         mymap[maxidim] = (ptrdiff_t) length[maxidim];
      }

      /* Perform I/O.  Exit when done. */
      for (;;)
      {
         int lretval;
         if (pg == GET)
            lretval = nc4_get_vara(nc, ncid, varid, mystart, iocount, xtype, 
                                   is_long, data);
         else
            lretval =  nc4_put_vara(nc, ncid, varid, mystart, iocount, xtype, 
                                    is_long, data);
         if (lretval != NC_NOERR 
             && (retval == NC_NOERR || lretval != NC_ERANGE))
            retval = lretval;

         /*
          * The following code permutes through the variable s
          * external start-index space and it s internal address
          * space.  At the UPC, this algorithm is commonly
          * called "odometer code".
          */
         idim = maxidim;
        carry:
         data = (char *)data + (mymap[idim] * mem_type_size);
         LOG((4, "data=0x%x mymap[%d]=%d", data, idim, (int)mymap[idim]));
         mystart[idim] += mystride[idim];
         LOG((4, "mystart[%d]=%d length[%d]=%d", idim, (int)mystart[idim], 
              idim, (int)length[idim]));
         if (mystart[idim] == stop[idim])
         {
            mystart[idim] = start[idim];
            data = (char *)data - (length[idim] * mem_type_size);
            if (--idim < 0)
               break; /* normal return */
            goto carry;
         }
      } /* I/O loop */
     done:
      free(mystart);
   } /* variable is array */

  exit:   
   return retval;
}

/* This function will copy data from one buffer to another, in
   accordance with the types. Range errors will be noted, and the fill
   value used (or the default fill value if none is supplied) for
   values that overflow the type.

   I should be able to take this out when HDF5 does the right thing
   with data type conversion.

   Ed Hartnett, 11/15/3
*/

int
nc4_convert_type(const void *src, void *dest, 
                 const nc_type src_type, const nc_type dest_type, 
                 const size_t len, int *range_error, 
                 const void *fill_value, int strict_nc3, int src_long, 
                 int dest_long)
{
   char *cp, *cp1;
   float *fp, *fp1;
   double *dp, *dp1;
   int *ip, *ip1;
   signed long *lp, *lp1;
   short *sp, *sp1;
   signed char *bp, *bp1;
   unsigned char *ubp, *ubp1;
   unsigned short *usp, *usp1;
   unsigned int *uip, *uip1;
   long long *lip, *lip1;
   unsigned long long *ulip, *ulip1;
   size_t count = 0;

   *range_error = 0;
   LOG((3, "nc4_convert_type: len %d src_type %d dest_type %d src_long %d"
        " dest_long %d", len, src_type, dest_type, src_long, dest_long));

   /* OK, this is ugly. If you can think of anything better, I'm open
      to suggestions! 

      Note that we don't use a default fill value for type
      NC_BYTE. This is because Lord Voldemort cast a nofilleramous spell
      at Harry Potter, but it bounced off his scar and hit the netcdf-4
      code.
   */
   switch (src_type)
   {
      case NC_CHAR:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_CHAR:
               for (cp = (char *)src, cp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *cp1++ = *cp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: Uknown destination type."));
         }
         break;
      case NC_BYTE:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, bp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *bp1++ = *bp++;
               break;
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*bp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *bp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *sp++ = *bp++;
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*bp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *bp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
               {
                  for (bp = (signed char *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lp++ = *bp++;
                  break;
               }
               else
               {
                  for (bp = (signed char *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *ip++ = *bp++;
                  break;
               }
            case NC_UINT:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*bp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *bp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip++ = *bp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*bp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ulip++ = *bp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *bp++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (bp = (signed char *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *bp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_UBYTE:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (!strict_nc3 && *ubp > X_SCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *ubp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *sp++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, ubp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *ubp1++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *usp++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
               {
                  for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lp++ = *ubp++;
                  break;
               }
               else
               {
                  for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *ip++ = *ubp++;
                  break;
               }
            case NC_UINT:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *uip++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *ulip++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (ubp = (unsigned char *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *ubp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_SHORT:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (sp = (short *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*sp > X_UCHAR_MAX || *sp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *sp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (sp = (short *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*sp > X_SCHAR_MAX || *sp < X_SCHAR_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *sp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (sp = (short *)src, sp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *sp1++ = *sp++;
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (sp = (short *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*sp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *sp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (sp = (short *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lp++ = *sp++;
               else
                  for (sp = (short *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *ip++ = *sp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (sp = (short *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
	       {  
		   if (*sp < 0)
		       (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *sp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (sp = (short *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip++ = *sp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (sp = (short *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
	       {  
		   if (*sp < 0)
		       (*range_error)++;
                  *ulip++ = *sp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (sp = (short *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *sp++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (sp = (short *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *sp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_USHORT:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*usp > X_UCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *usp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*usp > X_SCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *usp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*usp > X_SHORT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *usp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, usp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *usp1++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lp++ = *usp++;
               else
                  for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *ip++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *uip++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *ulip++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *usp++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (usp = (unsigned short *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *usp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_INT:
         if (src_long)
         {
            switch (dest_type)
            {
               case NC_UBYTE:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lp > X_UCHAR_MAX || *lp < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ubp++ = *lp++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_BYTE:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lp > X_SCHAR_MAX || *lp < X_SCHAR_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *bp++ = *lp++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_SHORT:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lp > X_SHORT_MAX || *lp < X_SHORT_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *sp++ = *lp++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_USHORT:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lp > X_USHORT_MAX || *lp < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *usp++ = *lp++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_INT: /* src is long */
                  if (dest_long)
                  {
                     for (lp = (long *)src, lp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                     {
                        if (*lp > X_LONG_MAX || *lp < X_LONG_MIN)
                           (*range_error)++;
                        *lp1++ = *lp++;
                     }
                  }
                  else /* dest is int */
                  {
                     for (lp = (long *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     {
                        if (*lp > X_INT_MAX || *lp < X_INT_MIN)
                           (*range_error)++;
                        *ip++ = *lp++;
                     }
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_UINT:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lp > X_UINT_MAX || *lp < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *uip++ = *lp++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_INT64:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lip++ = *lp++;
                  break;
               case NC_UINT64:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
		  {
                     if (*lp < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ulip++ = *lp++;
		  }
                  break;
               case NC_FLOAT:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *fp++ = *lp++;
                  break;
               case NC_DOUBLE:
                  for (lp = (long *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *dp++ = *lp++;
                  break;
               default:
                  LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                       "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
                  return NC_EBADTYPE;
            }
         }
         else
         {
            switch (dest_type)
            {
               case NC_UBYTE:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ip > X_UCHAR_MAX || *ip < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ubp++ = *ip++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_BYTE:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ip > X_SCHAR_MAX || *ip < X_SCHAR_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *bp++ = *ip++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_SHORT:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ip > X_SHORT_MAX || *ip < X_SHORT_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *sp++ = *ip++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_USHORT:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ip > X_USHORT_MAX || *ip < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *usp++ = *ip++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_INT: /* src is int */
                  if (dest_long)
                  {
                     for (ip = (int *)src, lp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                     {
                        if (*ip > X_LONG_MAX || *ip < X_LONG_MIN)
                           (*range_error)++;
                        *lp1++ = *ip++;
                     }
                  }
                  else /* dest is int */
                  {
                     for (ip = (int *)src, ip1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                     {
                        if (*ip > X_INT_MAX || *ip < X_INT_MIN)
                           (*range_error)++;
                        *ip1++ = *ip++;
                     }
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_UINT:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ip > X_UINT_MAX || *ip < 0)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *uip++ = *ip++;
                  }
                  break;
               case NC_INT64:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *lip++ = *ip++;
                  break;
               case NC_UINT64:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
		  {
		      if (*ip < 0) 
			  (*range_error)++;
                     *ulip++ = *ip++;
		  }
                  break;
               case NC_FLOAT:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *fp++ = *ip++;
                  break;
               case NC_DOUBLE:
                  for (ip = (int *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                     *dp++ = *ip++;
                  break;
               default:
                  LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                       "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
                  return NC_EBADTYPE;
            }
         }
         break;
      case NC_UINT:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*uip > X_UCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *uip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*uip > X_SCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *uip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*uip > X_SHORT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *uip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*uip > X_USHORT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *uip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*uip > X_LONG_MAX)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *lp++ = *uip++;
                  }
               else
                  for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*uip > X_INT_MAX)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ip++ = *uip++;
                  }
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, uip1 = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*uip > X_UINT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip1++ = *uip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip++ = *uip++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *ulip++ = *uip++;
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *uip++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (uip = (unsigned int *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *uip++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_INT64:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip > X_UCHAR_MAX || *lip < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip > X_SCHAR_MAX || *lip < X_SCHAR_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip > X_SHORT_MAX || *lip < X_SHORT_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip > X_USHORT_MAX || *lip < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip > X_UINT_MAX || *lip < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (lip = (long long *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lip > X_LONG_MAX || *lip < X_LONG_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *lp++ = *lip++;
                  }
               else
                  for (lip = (long long *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*lip > X_INT_MAX || *lip < X_INT_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ip++ = *lip++;
                  }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, lip1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *lip1++ = *lip++;
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, ulip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*lip < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ulip++ = *lip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *lip++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (lip = (long long *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *lip++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_UINT64:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_UCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_SCHAR_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_SHORT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_USHORT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_UINT_MAX)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ulip > X_LONG_MAX)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *lp++ = *ulip++;
                  }
               else
                  for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*ulip > X_INT_MAX)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ip++ = *ulip++;
                  }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*ulip > X_INT64_MAX)
                    (*range_error)++;
                  *lip++ = *ulip++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, ulip1 = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *ulip1++ = *ulip++;
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *fp++ = *ulip++;
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (ulip = (unsigned long long *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *ulip++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_FLOAT:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (fp = (float *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > X_UCHAR_MAX || *fp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (fp = (float *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > (double)X_SCHAR_MAX || *fp < (double)X_SCHAR_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (fp = (float *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > (double)X_SHORT_MAX || *fp < (double)X_SHORT_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (fp = (float *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > X_USHORT_MAX || *fp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (fp = (float *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > X_UINT_MAX || *fp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (fp = (float *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*fp > (double)X_LONG_MAX || *fp < (double)X_LONG_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *lp++ = *fp++;
                  }
               else
                  for (fp = (float *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*fp > (double)X_INT_MAX || *fp < (double)X_INT_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ip++ = *fp++;
                  }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (fp = (float *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > X_INT64_MAX || *fp <X_INT64_MIN)
                    (*range_error)++;
                  *lip++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (fp = (float *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*fp > X_UINT64_MAX || *fp < 0)
                    (*range_error)++;
                  *lip++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (fp = (float *)src, fp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
/*                if (*fp > X_FLOAT_MAX || *fp < X_FLOAT_MIN)
                  (*range_error)++;*/
                  *fp1++ = *fp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (fp = (float *)src, dp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  *dp++ = *fp++;
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      case NC_DOUBLE:
         switch (dest_type)
         {
            case NC_UBYTE:
               for (dp = (double *)src, ubp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_UCHAR_MAX || *dp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *ubp++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_BYTE:
               for (dp = (double *)src, bp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_SCHAR_MAX || *dp < X_SCHAR_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *bp++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_SHORT:
               for (dp = (double *)src, sp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_SHORT_MAX || *dp < X_SHORT_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *sp++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_USHORT:
               for (dp = (double *)src, usp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_USHORT_MAX || *dp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *usp++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT:
               for (dp = (double *)src, uip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_UINT_MAX || *dp < 0)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *uip++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_INT:
               if (dest_long)
                  for (dp = (double *)src, lp = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*dp > X_LONG_MAX || *dp < X_LONG_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *lp++ = *dp++;
                  }
               else
                  for (dp = (double *)src, ip = dest; count < len; count++)
                  {
                     if (*dp > X_INT_MAX || *dp < X_INT_MIN)
                        (*range_error)++;
                     *ip++ = *dp++;
                  }
               break;
            case NC_INT64:
               for (dp = (double *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_INT64_MAX || *dp < X_INT64_MIN)
                    (*range_error)++;
                  *lip++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_UINT64:
               for (dp = (double *)src, lip = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_UINT64_MAX || *dp < 0)
                    (*range_error)++;
                  *lip++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_FLOAT:
               for (dp = (double *)src, fp = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
                  if (*dp > X_FLOAT_MAX || *dp < X_FLOAT_MIN)
                     (*range_error)++;
                  *fp++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            case NC_DOUBLE:
               for (dp = (double *)src, dp1 = dest; count < len; count++)
               {
		   /* if (*dp > X_DOUBLE_MAX || *dp < X_DOUBLE_MIN) */
		   /*    (*range_error)++; */
                  *dp1++ = *dp++;
               }
               break;
            default:
               LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected dest type. "
                    "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
               return NC_EBADTYPE;
         }
         break;
      default:
         LOG((0, "nc4_convert_type: unexpected src type. "
              "src_type %d, dest_type %d", src_type, dest_type));
         return NC_EBADTYPE;
   }
   return NC_NOERR;
}

/* In our first pass through the data, we may have encountered
 * variables before encountering their dimscales, so go through the
 * vars in this file and make sure we've got a dimid for each. */
int
nc4_rec_match_dimscales(NC_GRP_INFO_T *grp)
{
   NC_GRP_INFO_T *g;
   NC_VAR_INFO_T *var;
   NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim;
   H5G_stat_t statbuf;
   int d, finished;
   int retval = NC_NOERR;

   assert(grp && grp->name);
   LOG((4, "nc4_rec_match_dimscales: grp->name %s", grp->name));

   /* Perform var dimscale match for child groups. */
   for (g = grp->children; g; g = g->next)
      if ((retval = nc4_rec_match_dimscales(g)))
         return retval;
   
   /* Check all the vars in this group. If they have dimscale info,
    * try and find a dimension for them. */
   for (var = grp->var; var; var = var->next)
   {
      /* Are there dimscales for this variable? */
      if (var->dimscale_hdf5_objids)
      {
         for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
         {
            LOG((5, "nc4_rec_match_dimscales: var %s has dimscale info...", var->name));
            /* Look at all the dims in this group to see if they
             * match. */
            finished = 0;
            for (g = grp; g && !finished; g = g->parent)
            {
               for (dim = g->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
               {
                  if (!dim->hdf_dimscaleid)
                     return NC_EDIMMETA;
                  if (H5Gget_objinfo(dim->hdf_dimscaleid, ".", 1, &statbuf) < 0)
                     return NC_EHDFERR;
                  if (var->dimscale_hdf5_objids[d].fileno[0] == statbuf.fileno[0] && 
                      var->dimscale_hdf5_objids[d].objno[0] == statbuf.objno[0] &&
                      var->dimscale_hdf5_objids[d].fileno[1] == statbuf.fileno[1] && 
                      var->dimscale_hdf5_objids[d].objno[1] == statbuf.objno[1])
                  {
                     LOG((4, "nc4_rec_match_dimscales: for dimension %d, found dim %s", 
                          d, dim->name));
                     var->dimids[d] = dim->dimid;
                     finished++;
                     break;
                  }
               } /* next dim */
            } /* next grp */
            LOG((5, "nc4_rec_match_dimscales: dimid for this dimscale is %d", var->xtype));
         } /* next var->dim */
      }
      else
      {
	 if (!var->dimscale)
	 {
	    hid_t spaceid = 0;
	    hsize_t *h5dimlen = NULL, *h5dimlenmax = NULL;
	    int dataset_ndims;

	    /* No dimscales for this var! Invent phony dimensions. */

	    /* Find the space information for this dimension. */
	    if ((spaceid = H5Dget_space(var->hdf_datasetid)) < 0)
	       return NC_EHDFERR;
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	    num_spaces++;
#endif

	    /* Get the len of each dim in the space. */
	    if (var->ndims)
	    {
	       if (!(h5dimlen = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
		  return NC_ENOMEM;
	       if (!(h5dimlenmax = malloc(var->ndims * sizeof(hsize_t))))
		  return NC_ENOMEM;
	       if ((dataset_ndims = H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(spaceid, h5dimlen, 
							      h5dimlenmax)) < 0)
		  return NC_EHDFERR;		  
	       if (dataset_ndims != var->ndims)
		  return NC_EHDFERR;		  
	    } 
	    else
	    {
	       /* Make sure it's scalar. */
	       if (H5Sget_simple_extent_type(spaceid) != H5S_SCALAR)
		  return NC_EHDFERR;
	    }

	    /* Release the space object. */
	    if (H5Sclose(spaceid) < 0)
	       return NC_EHDFERR;		  	       
#ifdef EXTRA_TESTS
	    num_spaces--;
#endif
	    
	    /* Create a phony dimension for each dimension in the
	     * dataset, unless there already is one the correct
	     * size. */
	    for (d = 0; d < var->ndims; d++)
	    {
	       NC_DIM_INFO_T *dim = NULL;
	       char phony_dim_name[NC_MAX_NAME + 1];

	       /* Is there already a phony dimension of the correct size? */
	       for (dim = grp->dim; dim; dim = dim->next)
		  if ((dim->len == h5dimlen[d]) &&
		      ((h5dimlenmax[d] == H5S_UNLIMITED && dim->unlimited) ||
		       (h5dimlenmax[d] != H5S_UNLIMITED && !dim->unlimited)))
		     break;
	       
	       /* Didn't find a phony dim? Then create one. */
	       if (!dim)
	       {
		  LOG((3, "nc4_rec_match_dimscales: creating phony dim for var %s", var->name));
		  if ((retval = nc4_dim_list_add(&grp->dim)))
		     return retval;
		  grp->ndims++;
		  dim = grp->dim;
		  dim->dimid = grp->file->nc4_info->next_dimid++;
		  sprintf(phony_dim_name, "phony_dim_%d", dim->dimid);
		  if (!(dim->name = malloc((strlen(phony_dim_name) + 1) * sizeof(char))))
		     return NC_ENOMEM;
		  strcpy(dim->name, phony_dim_name);
		  dim->len = h5dimlen[d];
		  if (h5dimlenmax[d] == H5S_UNLIMITED)
		     dim->unlimited = 1;
	       }
	       
	       /* The variable must remember the dimid. */
	       var->dimids[d] = dim->dimid;
	    } /* next dim */

	    /* Free the memory we malloced. */
	    free(h5dimlen);
	    free(h5dimlenmax);
	 }
      }
   }

   return retval;
}

/* Get the length, in bytes, of one element of a type in memory. */
int 
nc4_get_typelen_mem(NC_HDF5_FILE_INFO_T *h5, nc_type xtype, int is_long, 
                    size_t *len)
{
   NC_TYPE_INFO_T *type;
   int retval;

   LOG((4, "nc4_get_typelen_mem xtype: %d", xtype));
   assert(len);

   /* If this is an atomic type, the answer is easy. */
   switch (xtype)
   {
      case NC_BYTE:
      case NC_CHAR:
      case NC_UBYTE:
         *len = sizeof(char);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_SHORT:
      case NC_USHORT:
         *len = sizeof(short);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_INT:
      case NC_UINT:
         if (is_long)
            *len = sizeof(long);
         else
            *len = sizeof(int);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_FLOAT:
         *len = sizeof(float);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_DOUBLE:
         *len = sizeof(double);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_INT64:
      case NC_UINT64:
         *len = sizeof(long long);
         return NC_NOERR;
      case NC_STRING:
         *len = 0; /* can't even guess! */
         return NC_NOERR;
   }

   /* See if var is compound type. */
   if ((retval = nc4_find_type(h5, xtype, &type)))
      return retval;

   if (!type)
      return NC_EBADTYPE;

   *len = type->size;

   LOG((5, "type->size ", type->size));

   return NC_NOERR;
}