% Literature for Puma-workshop and PHD and SFB @Article{Alexander:1996, author ={M. A. Alexander and C. Penland}, title ={Variability in a mixed layer ocean model driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =9, pages ={2424--2442}, year ={1996} } @Book{Anderson:1996, author ={ D. L. T. Anderson and J. Willebrandt}, title ={Decadal Climate variability}, publisher ={Springer Verlag Berlin}, year ={1996}, note ={493pp} } @Article{Appenzeller:1998_1, author ={C. Appenzeller and J. Schwander and S. Sommer and T. F. Stocker}, title ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation and its imprint on precipitation and ice accumulation in {G}reenland}, journal ={Geophys. Res. Lett.}, volume =25, pages ={1939--1942}, year ={1998} } @Article{Appenzeller:1998_2, author ={C. Appenzeller and T. F. Stocker and M. Anklin}, title ={North {A}tlantic Oscillation dynamics recorded in {G}reenland ice cores}, journal ={Science}, volume =282, pages ={446--449}, year ={1998} } @TechReport{Bacher:1996, author = {A. Bacher and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner}, title = {{ENSO} dynamics and seasonal cycle in the tropical {P}acific as simulated by the {ECHAM}4/{OPYC}3 coupled general circulation model}, institution = {Max-Planck-Institut}, year = {1996}, number = {199}, } @PhdThesis{Bacher:1998, author = {A. Bacher}, title = {Variability on decadal scales in {P}acific sea surface temperatures and atmosphere ocean interaction in the coupled general circulation model {ECHAM}4/{OPYC}3}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Hamburg}, year = {1998}, } @Article{Baliunas:1997, author ={S. Baliunas and P. Frick and D. Sokoloff and W. Soon}, title ={Time scales and trends in the central {E}ngland temperature data (1659-1990): Wavelet analysis}, journal ={Geophys. Res. Lett.}, volume =24, pages ={1351--1354}, year ={1997} } @Article{Barnett:1987, author ={T. P. Barnett and R. Preisendorfer}, title ={Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for the {U}nited {S}tates surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis}, journal ={Mon. Wea. Rev.}, volume =115, pages ={1825--1850}, year ={1987} } @Article{Barsugli:1998, author ={J. J. Barsugli and D. S. Battisti}, title ={The basic effects of atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.}, volume =55, pages ={477--493}, year ={1998} } @Article{Barnston:1987, author ={A. G. Barnston and R. E. Livezey}, title ={Classification, seasonality and persistence of lo- frequency atmospheric circulation patterns}, journal ={Mon. Wea. Rev.}, volume =115, pages ={1825--1850}, year ={1987} } @Article{Battisti:1995, author ={D. S. Battisti and U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander}, title ={A modeling study of the interannual variability in the {N}orth {A}tlantic ocean}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =8, pages ={3067--3083}, year ={1995} } @Article{Bene:1999, author ={N. Bene}, title ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation}, journal ={Science}, volume =283, pages ={948--949}, year ={1999} } @Article{Bhatt:1998, author ={U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander and D. S. Battisti and D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller}, title ={Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction in the {N}orth {A}tlantic: Near-Surface Climate Variability}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =11, pages ={1615-1631}, year ={1998} } @Article{Bjerknes:1962, author ={J. Bjerknes}, title ={Synoptic survey of the interaction between sea and atmosphere in the {N}orth {A}tlantic}, journal ={Geophys. Publ.}, volume =24, pages ={116--145}, year ={1962} } @Article{Bjerknes:1964, author ={J. Bjerknes}, title ={Atlantic air-sea interaction}, journal ={Adv. Geophys. }, volume =10, pages ={1--82}, year ={1964} } @Article{Blackmon:1976, author ={M. L. Blackmon}, title ={A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the {N}orthern {H}emisphere}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci. }, volume =33, pages ={1607--1623}, year ={1976} } @Article{Blackmon:1983, author ={M. L. Blackmon and J. E. Geisler and E. J. Pitcher}, title ={A general circulation model study of January climate anomaly patterns associated with interannual variation of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci. }, volume =40, pages ={1410--1425}, year ={1983} } @Article{Blade:1997, author ={I. Blade}, title ={The influence of midlatitude ocean/atmosphere coupling on the low-frequency variability of a {GCM}. {P}art {I}: No tropical {SST} forcing}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =10, pages ={2087--2106}, year ={1997} } @Article{Blade:1999, author ={I. Blade}, title ={The influence of midlatitude ocean/atmosphere coupling on the low-frequency variability of a {GCM}. {P}art {II}: Interannual variability induced by tropical {SST} forcing}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =9999, pages ={accepted}, year ={1999} } @Article{Boettger:1980, author ={H. B\"ottger and K. Fraedrich}, title ={Disturbances in the wavenumber-frequency domain observed along $50^{\circ}${N}}, journal ={Contr. Atmos. Phys.}, volume =53, pages ={90--105}, year ={1980} } @PhdThesis{Bresch:1998, author = {D. N. Bresch}, title = {Coupled Flow and {SST} Patterns of the {N}orth {A}tlantic: A statistical and dynamical study}, school = {ETH Z\"urich}, year = {1998}, } @Article{Bresch:1999, author ={D. N. Bresch and H. C. Davies}, title ={Recent Co-variations and Trends of the {SST} and mid-troposphere flow signatures in the extratropical {N}orth {A}tlantic}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =12, pages ={submitted}, year ={1999} } @Article{Bryan:1991, author ={K. Bryan and R. Stouffer}, title ={A note on {B}jerknes' hypothesis for {N}orth {A}tlantic variability}, journal ={J. Mar. Sys.}, volume =1, pages ={229--241}, year ={1991} } @Article{Casdagli:1997, author ={M. C. Casdagli}, title ={Recurrence plots revisited}, journal ={Physica D}, volume =108, pages ={12-44}, year =1997 } @Article{Chen:1996, author ={C. T. Chen and E. Roeckner}, title ={Validation of the earth radiation budget as simulated y the {M}ax {P}lanck {I}nstitute for {M}eteorology general circulation model {ECHAM4} using satellite observations of the {E}arth {R}adiation {B}udget {E}xperiment}, journal ={J. Geophys. Res.}, volume =101, pages ={4269-4287}, year =1996 } @Article{Chervin:1976, author ={R. M. Chervin and S. H. Schneider}, title ={A study of the response of the {NCAR} {GCM} climatological statistics to random perturbations: Estimating noise levels}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.}, volume =33, pages ={391-404}, year =1976 } @Article{Christoph:1999, author ={M. Christoph and U. Ulbrich and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner}, title ={The role of Ocean Dynamics for low-frequency fluctuations of the {NAO} in a coupled ocean-atmosphere {GCM}}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =999, pages ={9999}, year ={1999} } @TechReport{Christoph:1998, author = {M. Christoph and U. Ulbrich and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner}, title = {The role of Ocean Dynamics for low-frequency fluctuations of the {NAO} in a coupled ocean-atmosphere {GCM}}, institution = {Max-Planck-Institut}, year = {1998}, number = {285}, } @Article{Corby:1972, author ={G. A. Corby and A. Glichrist and R. L. Newson}, title ={A general circulation model of the atmosphere suitable for long period integrations}, journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.}, volume =98, pages ={809--832}, year ={1972} } @Article{Cubasch:1997, author ={U. Cubasch and R. Voss and G. C. Hegerl and J. Waszkewitz and T. J. Crowley}, title ={Simulation of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model}, journal ={Clim. Dym.}, volume =13, pages ={757--767}, year ={1997} } @Article{Corby:1972, author ={G. A. Corby and A. Gilchrist and R. L. Newson}, title ={A general circulation model of the atmosphere suitable for long period integrations}, journal ={Quart. J. R. Met Soc.}, volume =98, pages ={809--832}, year ={1972} } @Article{Curry:1998, author ={R. G. Curry and M. S. McCartney and Terrence M. Joyce}, title ={Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters}, journal ={Nature}, volume =391, pages ={575-577}, year ={1998} } @Article{Davis:1976, author ={R. E. Davis}, title ={Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the {N}orth {P}acific Ocean}, journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.}, volume =6, pages ={249--266}, year ={1976} } @Article{Defant:1924, author ={A. Defant}, title ={Die {S}chwankungen der atmosph\"arischen {Z}irkulation \"uber dem nordatlantischen {O}zean im 25-j\"ahrigen {Z}eitraum 1881-1905}, journal ={Geogr. Ann.}, volume =6, pages ={13--41}, year ={1924} } @Article{Deland:1964, author ={T. Deland}, title ={Travelling planetary waves}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =16, pages ={271--273}, year ={1964} } @Article{Delworth:1996, author ={T. Delworth}, title ={North {A}tlantic interannual, variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =9, pages ={2356--2375}, year ={1996} } @Article{Deser:1993, author ={Clara Deser and Maurice L. Blackmon}, title ={Surface Climate Variations over the {N}orth {A}tlantic Ocean during Winter:1900-1989}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =6, pages ={1743--1753}, year ={1993} } @Article{Deser:1997, author ={Clara Deser and Michael S. Timlin}, title ={Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction on Weekly Timescales in the {N}orth {A}tlantic and {P}acific}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =10, pages ={393-408}, year ={1997} } @Article{Dickson:1996, author ={R. R. Dickson and J. Meinke and P. Rhines and J. Swift}, title ={Longterm coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic}, journal ={Prog. Oceangr.}, volume =38, pages ={241--295}, year ={1996} } @Article{Dickson:1997, author ={B. Dickson}, title ={From the {L}abrador sea to global change}, journal ={Nature}, volume =386, pages ={649--650}, year ={1997} } @Article{Dickson:9999, author ={B. Dickson}, title ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ({NAO})}, journal ={white paper}, volume =999, pages ={173--200}, year ={9999} } @TechReport{DKRZ:1994, author = {DKRZ}, title = {The {ECHAM} 3 Atmospheric General Circulation Model}, institution = {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg}, year = {1994}, number = {6}, } @TechReport{Dommenget:1998, author = {D. Dommenget and M. Latif}, title = {Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical {A}tlantic}, institution = {Max-Planck-Institut}, year = {1998}, number = {277}, } @TechReport{Dommenget:2000, author = {D. Dommenget and M. Latif}, title = {Generation of {SST} anomalies in the midlatitudes}, institution = {Max-Planck-Institut}, year = {2000}, number = {304}, } @Article{Duane:1997, author ={G. S. Duane}, title ={Synchronized chaos in extended systems and meteorological teleconnections}, journal ={Phys. Rev. E.}, volume =56, pages ={6475--6493}, year ={1997}, } @Article{Eden:2000, author ={Eden and T. Jung}, title ={On the mechanism of North Atlantic interdecadal variability}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =13, pages ={submitted}, year ={2000} } @Article{Edmon:1980, author ={H. J. Edmon{ }Jr. and B. J. Hoskins and M. E. McIntyre}, title ={Eliassen-{P}alm cross sections for the troposphere}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.}, volume =37, pages ={2600--2616}, year ={1980} } @Book{Eliasen:1970, author ={E. Eliasen and B. Machenhauer and E. Rasmusson}, title ={On a numerical method for integration of the hydrodynamical equations with a spectral representaion of the horizontal fields}, publisher ={Inst. of Theor. Met., Univ. Copenhagen}, year ={1970}, } @Article{Ferranti:1994, author ={L. Ferranti and F. Molteni and T. N. Palmer}, title ={Impact of localized tropical and extratropical {SST} anomalies in ensembles of seasonal {GCM} integrations}, journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}, volume =120, pages ={1613--1645}, year ={1994} } @Article{Fraedrich:1978, author ={K. Fraedrich and H. B\"ottger}, title ={A wavenumber-frequency analysis of the 500 mb geopotential at $50^{\circ}${N}}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.}, volume =35, pages ={745--750}, year ={1978} } @Article{Fraedrich:1987, author ={K. Fraedrich and M. Lutz}, title ={A modified time-longitude diagram applied to 500 mb heights along $50^{\circ}$ north and south}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =39, pages ={25--32}, year ={1987} } @Article{Fraedrich:1992, author ={K. Fraedrich and K. M\"uller}, title ={Climate anomalies in {E}urope associated with {ENSO} extremes}, journal ={Int. J. Climatol.}, volume =12, pages ={25-31}, year ={1992} } @Article{Fraedrich:1993, author ={K. Fraedrich and C. Bantzer and U. Burkhardt}, title ={Winter climate anomalies in {E}urope and their associated criculation at 500 h{P}a}, journal ={Clim. Dym.}, volume =8, pages ={161-175}, year ={1993} } @Article{Fraedrich:1994, author ={K. Fraedrich}, title ={An {ENSO} impact in {E}urope? {A} review}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =46, pages ={541--552}, year ={1994} } @TechReport{Fraedrich:1998, author = {K. Fraedrich and E. Kirk and F. Lunkeit}, title = {Portable {U}niversity {M}odel of the {A}tmosphere}, institution = {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum}, year = {1998}, number = {16}, pages = {37pp} } @Article{Frankignoul:1985, author ={C. Frankignoul}, title ={Sea surface temperature anomalies, planetary waves and air-sea feedback in the middle latitudes}, journal ={Rev. Geophys.}, volume =23, pages ={357--390}, year ={1985} } @Article{Frankignoul:1997, author ={C. Frankignoul and P. M\"uller and E. Zorita}, title ={A simple Model of the Decadal Response of the Ocean to Stochastic Wind Forcing}, journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.}, volume =27, pages ={1533--1546}, year ={1997} } @Article{Franzke:2000, author ={C. Franzke and F. Lunkeit and K. Fraedrich}, title ={Low-frequency variability in a simplified atmospheric {GCM}: Stormtack induced 'spatial resonance'}, journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}, volume =126, pages ={in press}, year ={2000} } @TechReport{Friederichs:1998, author ={P. Friederichs and A. Hense}, title ={{MILLENNIA}: Numerical simulation and analysis of climate variability on decadal and centennial timescales}, institution = {Meteorologisches Institut Bonn}, year ={1998}, pages ={1--37}, number = {1} } @Article{Frisius:1998, author ={T. Frisius and F. Lunkeit and K. Fraedrich and I. N. James}, title ={Storm-track organization and variability in a simplified atmospheric global circulation model}, journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}, volume =124, pages ={1019--1043}, year ={1998} } @Article{Gaspar:1988, author ={P. Gaspar}, title ={Modeling the seasonal cycle of the upper ocean}, journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.}, volume =18, pages ={161--180}, year ={1988} } @Article{Glowienka:1990, author ={R. Glowienka-Hense}, title ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic oscillation in the {A}tlantic-{E}uropean {SLP}}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =42, pages ={497--507}, year ={1990} } @Article{Goyette:1996, author ={Stephane Goyette and J. P. Rene Laprise}, title ={Numerical Investigations with a Physically Based Regional Interpolator for Off-Line Downscaling of {GCM}'s: {FIZR}}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =9, pages ={3464--3495}, year ={1996} } @Article{Graham:1994, author ={N. E. Graham and T. P. Barnett and R. Wilde and M. Ponater and S. Schubert}, title ={On the roles of tropical and midlatitude {SST}s in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter {N}orthern {H}emisphere circulation}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =7, pages ={1416--1441}, year ={1994} } @Article{Graf:1994, author ={H.-F. Graf}, title ={Northern hemisphere tropospheric mid-latitude circulation after violent volcanic eruptions}, journal ={Contrib. Atmos. Phys.}, volume =67, pages ={3--13}, year ={1994} } @Article{Griffies:1995, author ={S. M. Griffies and E. Tziperman}, title ={A linear thermohaline oscillator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =8, pages ={2440--2453}, year ={1995} } @Article{Griffies:1997, author ={S. M. Griffies and K. Bryan}, title ={Predictability of the {N}orth {A}tlantic multidecadal climate variability}, journal ={Science}, volume =10, pages ={181--184}, year ={1997} } @Article{Groetzner:1996, author ={A. Gr\"otzner and R. Sausen and M. Clausen}, title ={The impact of sub-grid scale sea-ice inhomogeneities on the performance of the atmospheric general circulation model {ECHAM3}}, journal ={Clim. Dym.}, volume =12, pages ={477--496}, year ={1996} } @Article{Groetzner:1998_1, author ={A. Gr\"otzner and M. Latif and T. P. Barnett}, title ={A decadal cycle in the {N}orth {A}tlantic ocean as simulated by the {ECHO} coupled {GCM}}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =11, pages ={831--847}, year ={1998} } @TechReport{Groetzner:1998_2, author = {A. Gr\"otzner and M. Latif and A. Timmermann and R. Voss}, title = {Interannual to decadal predictability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model}, institution = {Max-Planck-Institut}, year = {1998}, number = {262}, } @Article{Halliwell:1997, author ={G. R. Halliwell}, title ={Decadal and Multidecadal {N}orth {A}tlantic {SST} anomalies driven by standing and propagating basin-scale atmospheric anomalies}, journal ={J. Climate}, volume =10, pages ={2405--2411}, year ={1997} } @Book{Haltiner:1982, author ={G. J. Haltiner and R. T. Williams}, title ={Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology}, publisher ={John Wiley and Sons, New York}, year ={1982}, note ={477pp} } @Article{Haney:1979, author ={R. L. Haney}, title ={Numerical models of ocean circulation and climate interaction}, journal ={Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.}, volume =17, pages ={1494--1507}, year ={1979} } @Article{Haney:1985, author ={R. L. Haney}, title ={Midlatitude sea surface temperature anomalies: A numerical hindcast}, journal ={J. Phys. 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Draghici and H. C. Davies}, title ={A new look on the $\omega$-equation}, journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.}, volume =104, pages ={31--38}, year ={1978} } @Article{Hoskins:1981, author ={B. J. Hoskins and D. J. Karoly}, title ={The steady linear response of a spectral atmosphere to thermal orographic forcing}, journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.}, volume =38, pages ={1179--1196}, year ={1981} } @Article{Hurrell:1995, author ={J. W. Hurrell}, title ={Decadal trends in the {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation}, journal ={Science}, volume =269, pages ={676--679}, year ={1995} } @Article{Hurrell:1997, author ={J. W. Hurrell and H. Van Loon}, title ={Decadal Variations in Climate associated with the {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation}, journal ={Climate Change}, volume =36, pages ={301--326}, year ={1997} } @Article{James:1989, author ={I. N. James and P. M. 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Jonsson and D. Wheeler}, title ={Extension to the {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from {G}ibraltar and south-west {I}celand}, journal ={Int. J. Climatol.}, volume =17, pages ={1433--1450}, year ={1997} } @Article{Julian:1978, author ={P. R. Julian and R. M. Chervin}, title ={A study of the {S}outhern {O}scillation and {W}alker {C}irculation phenomenon}, journal ={Mon. Wea. Rev.}, volume =106, pages ={1433--1451}, year ={1978} } @Article{Karaca:1991, author ={M. Karaca and D. M\"uller}, title ={Mixed-layer dynamics and buoyancy transports}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =43, pages ={350--365}, year ={1991} } @Article{Kraus:1967, author ={E. B. Kraus and J. S. Turner}, title ={One-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline. II the general theory and its consequences}, journal ={Tellus}, volume =19, pages ={98--105}, year ={1967} } @Article{Kerr:1997, author ={R. A. 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