
% Literature for Puma-workshop and PHD and SFB

@Article{Alexander:1996,
 author  ={M. A. Alexander and C. Penland},
 title   ={Variability in a mixed layer ocean model driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =9,
 pages   ={2424--2442},
 year    ={1996}
}


@Book{Anderson:1996,
 author  ={ D. L. T. Anderson and J. Willebrandt},
 title   ={Decadal Climate variability},
 publisher ={Springer Verlag Berlin},
 year    ={1996},
 note    ={493pp}  
}

@Article{Appenzeller:1998_1,
 author  ={C. Appenzeller and J. Schwander and S. Sommer and T. F. Stocker},
 title   ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation and its imprint on precipitation and ice accumulation in {G}reenland},
 journal ={Geophys. Res. Lett.},
 volume  =25,
 pages   ={1939--1942},
 year    ={1998}
}

@Article{Appenzeller:1998_2,
 author  ={C. Appenzeller and T. F. Stocker and M. Anklin},
 title   ={North {A}tlantic Oscillation dynamics recorded in {G}reenland ice cores},
 journal ={Science},
 volume  =282,
 pages   ={446--449},
 year    ={1998}
}
@TechReport{Bacher:1996,
  author = 	 {A. Bacher and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner},
  title = 	 {{ENSO} dynamics and seasonal cycle in the tropical {P}acific as simulated by the {ECHAM}4/{OPYC}3 coupled general circulation model},
  institution =  {Max-Planck-Institut},
  year = 	 {1996},
  number = 	 {199},
}

@PhdThesis{Bacher:1998,
  author = 	 {A. Bacher},
  title = 	 {Variability on decadal scales in {P}acific sea surface temperatures and atmosphere ocean interaction in the coupled general circulation model {ECHAM}4/{OPYC}3},
  school = 	 {Universit{\"a}t Hamburg},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@Article{Baliunas:1997,
 author  ={S. Baliunas and P. Frick and D. Sokoloff and W. Soon},
 title   ={Time scales and trends in the central {E}ngland temperature data (1659-1990): Wavelet analysis},
 journal ={Geophys. Res. Lett.},
 volume  =24,
 pages   ={1351--1354},
 year    ={1997}
}


@Article{Barnett:1987,
 author  ={T. P. Barnett and R. Preisendorfer},
 title   ={Origins and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for the {U}nited {S}tates surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis},
 journal ={Mon. Wea. Rev.},
 volume  =115,
 pages   ={1825--1850},
 year    ={1987}
}

@Article{Barsugli:1998,
 author  ={J. J. Barsugli and D. S. Battisti},
 title   ={The basic effects of atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =55,
 pages   ={477--493},
 year    ={1998}
}

@Article{Barnston:1987,
 author  ={A. G. Barnston and R. E. Livezey},
 title   ={Classification, seasonality and persistence of lo- frequency atmospheric circulation patterns},
 journal ={Mon. Wea. Rev.},
 volume  =115,
 pages   ={1825--1850},
 year    ={1987}
}

@Article{Battisti:1995,
 author  ={D. S. Battisti and U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander},
 title   ={A modeling study of the interannual variability in the {N}orth {A}tlantic ocean},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =8,
 pages   ={3067--3083},
 year    ={1995}
}

@Article{Bene:1999,
 author  ={N. Bene},
 title   ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation},
 journal ={Science},
 volume  =283,
 pages   ={948--949},
 year    ={1999}
}

@Article{Bhatt:1998,
 author  ={U. S. Bhatt and M. A. Alexander and D. S. Battisti and D. D. Houghton and L. M. Keller},
 title   ={Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction in the {N}orth {A}tlantic: Near-Surface Climate Variability},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =11,
 pages   ={1615-1631},
 year    ={1998}
}

@Article{Bjerknes:1962,
 author  ={J. Bjerknes},
 title   ={Synoptic survey of the interaction between sea and atmosphere in the {N}orth {A}tlantic},
 journal ={Geophys. Publ.},
 volume  =24,
 pages   ={116--145},
 year    ={1962}
}
@Article{Bjerknes:1964,
 author  ={J. Bjerknes},
 title   ={Atlantic air-sea interaction},
 journal ={Adv. Geophys. },
 volume  =10,
 pages   ={1--82},
 year    ={1964}
}

@Article{Blackmon:1976,
 author  ={M. L. Blackmon},
 title   ={A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the {N}orthern {H}emisphere},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci. },
 volume  =33,
 pages   ={1607--1623},
 year    ={1976}
}	  
@Article{Blackmon:1983,
 author  ={M. L. Blackmon and J. E. Geisler and E. J. Pitcher},
 title   ={A general circulation model study of January climate
		  anomaly patterns associated with interannual
		  variation of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci. },
 volume  =40,
 pages   ={1410--1425},
 year    ={1983}
}

@Article{Blade:1997,
 author  ={I. Blade},
 title   ={The influence of midlatitude ocean/atmosphere coupling on the low-frequency variability of a {GCM}. {P}art {I}: No tropical {SST} forcing},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =10,
 pages   ={2087--2106},
 year    ={1997}
}  

@Article{Blade:1999,
 author  ={I. Blade},
 title   ={The influence of midlatitude ocean/atmosphere coupling on the low-frequency variability of a {GCM}. {P}art {II}: Interannual variability induced by tropical {SST} forcing},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =9999,
 pages   ={accepted},
 year    ={1999}
}
@Article{Boettger:1980,
 author  ={H. B\"ottger and K. Fraedrich},
 title   ={Disturbances in the wavenumber-frequency domain observed
		  along $50^{\circ}${N}},
 journal ={Contr. Atmos. Phys.},
 volume  =53,
 pages   ={90--105},
 year    ={1980}
}

@PhdThesis{Bresch:1998,
  author = 	 {D. N. Bresch},
  title = 	 {Coupled Flow and {SST} Patterns of the {N}orth {A}tlantic: A statistical and dynamical study},
  school = 	 {ETH Z\"urich},
  year = 	 {1998},
}

@Article{Bresch:1999,
 author  ={D. N. Bresch and H. C. Davies},
 title   ={Recent Co-variations and Trends of the {SST} and mid-troposphere flow signatures in the extratropical {N}orth {A}tlantic},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =12,
 pages   ={submitted},
 year    ={1999}
}


@Article{Bryan:1991,
 author  ={K. Bryan and R. Stouffer},
 title   ={A note on {B}jerknes' hypothesis for {N}orth {A}tlantic variability},
 journal ={J. Mar. Sys.},
 volume  =1,
 pages   ={229--241},
 year    ={1991}
}

@Article{Casdagli:1997,
 author  ={M. C. Casdagli},
 title   ={Recurrence plots revisited},
 journal ={Physica D},
 volume  =108,
 pages   ={12-44},
 year    =1997
} 
@Article{Chen:1996,
 author  ={C. T. Chen and E. Roeckner},
 title   ={Validation of the earth radiation budget as simulated y the {M}ax {P}lanck {I}nstitute for {M}eteorology general circulation model {ECHAM4} using satellite observations of the {E}arth {R}adiation {B}udget {E}xperiment},
 journal ={J. Geophys. Res.},
 volume  =101,
 pages   ={4269-4287},
 year    =1996
} 


@Article{Chervin:1976,
 author  ={R. M. Chervin and S. H. Schneider},
 title   ={A study of the response of the {NCAR} {GCM} climatological statistics to random perturbations: Estimating noise levels},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =33,
 pages   ={391-404},
 year    =1976
} 

@Article{Christoph:1999,
 author  ={M. Christoph and U. Ulbrich and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner},
 title   ={The role of Ocean Dynamics for low-frequency fluctuations of the {NAO} in a coupled ocean-atmosphere {GCM}},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =999,
 pages   ={9999},
 year    ={1999}
}
@TechReport{Christoph:1998,
  author = 	 {M. Christoph and U. Ulbrich and J. M. Oberhuber and E. Roeckner},
  title = 	 {The role of Ocean Dynamics for low-frequency fluctuations of the {NAO} in a coupled ocean-atmosphere {GCM}},
  institution =  {Max-Planck-Institut},
  year = 	 {1998},
  number = 	 {285},
}

@Article{Corby:1972,
 author  ={G. A. Corby and A. Glichrist and R. L. Newson},
 title   ={A general circulation model of the atmosphere suitable for
		  long period integrations},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.},
 volume  =98,
 pages   ={809--832},
 year    ={1972}
} 

		  
		  
@Article{Cubasch:1997,
 author  ={U. Cubasch and R. Voss and G. C. Hegerl and J. Waszkewitz and T. J. Crowley},
 title   ={Simulation of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model},
 journal ={Clim. Dym.},
 volume  =13,
 pages   ={757--767},
 year    ={1997}
} 

@Article{Corby:1972,
 author  ={G. A. Corby and A. Gilchrist and R. L. Newson},
 title   ={A general circulation model of the atmosphere suitable for long period integrations},
 journal ={Quart. J. R. Met Soc.},
 volume  =98,
 pages   ={809--832},
 year    ={1972}
} 

@Article{Curry:1998,
 author  ={R. G. Curry and M. S. McCartney and Terrence M. Joyce},
 title   ={Oceanic transport of subpolar climate signals to mid-depth subtropical waters},
 journal ={Nature},
 volume  =391,
 pages   ={575-577},
 year    ={1998}
} 

@Article{Davis:1976,
 author  ={R. E. Davis},
 title   ={Predictability of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure anomalies over the {N}orth {P}acific Ocean},
 journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
 volume  =6,
 pages   ={249--266}, 
 year    ={1976}
} 

@Article{Defant:1924,
 author  ={A. Defant},
 title   ={Die {S}chwankungen der atmosph\"arischen {Z}irkulation \"uber dem nordatlantischen {O}zean im 25-j\"ahrigen {Z}eitraum 1881-1905},
 journal ={Geogr. Ann.},
 volume  =6,
 pages   ={13--41},
 year    ={1924}
}

@Article{Deland:1964,
 author  ={T. Deland},
 title   ={Travelling planetary waves},
 journal ={Tellus},
 volume  =16,
 pages   ={271--273},
 year    ={1964}
}
		  
		  
		  
@Article{Delworth:1996,
 author  ={T. Delworth},
 title   ={North {A}tlantic interannual, variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =9,
 pages   ={2356--2375},
 year    ={1996}
}

@Article{Deser:1993,
 author  ={Clara Deser and Maurice L. Blackmon},
 title   ={Surface Climate Variations over the {N}orth {A}tlantic Ocean during Winter:1900-1989},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =6,
 pages   ={1743--1753},
 year    ={1993}
}

@Article{Deser:1997,
 author  ={Clara Deser and  Michael S. Timlin},
 title   ={Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction on Weekly Timescales in the {N}orth {A}tlantic and {P}acific},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =10,
 pages   ={393-408},
 year    ={1997}
}

@Article{Dickson:1996,
 author  ={R. R. Dickson and J. Meinke and P. Rhines and J. Swift},
 title   ={Longterm coordinated changes in the convective activity of the North Atlantic},
 journal ={Prog. Oceangr.},
 volume  =38,
 pages   ={241--295},
 year    ={1996}
}

@Article{Dickson:1997,
 author  ={B. Dickson},
 title   ={From the {L}abrador sea to global change},
 journal ={Nature},
 volume  =386,
 pages   ={649--650},
 year    ={1997}
}

@Article{Dickson:9999,
 author  ={B. Dickson},
 title   ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ({NAO})},
 journal ={white paper},
 volume  =999,
 pages   ={173--200},
 year    ={9999}
}

@TechReport{DKRZ:1994,
  author = 	 {DKRZ},
  title = 	 {The {ECHAM} 3 Atmospheric General Circulation Model},
  institution =  {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg},
  year = 	 {1994},
  number = 	 {6},
}

@TechReport{Dommenget:1998,
  author = 	 {D. Dommenget and M. Latif},
  title = 	 {Interannual to decadal variability in the tropical {A}tlantic},
  institution =  {Max-Planck-Institut},
  year = 	 {1998},
  number = 	 {277},
}

@TechReport{Dommenget:2000,
  author = 	 {D. Dommenget and M. Latif},
  title = 	 {Generation of {SST} anomalies in the midlatitudes},
  institution =  {Max-Planck-Institut},
  year = 	 {2000},
  number = 	 {304},
}



@Article{Duane:1997,
 author  ={G. S. Duane},
 title   ={Synchronized chaos in extended systems and meteorological teleconnections},
 journal ={Phys. Rev. E.},
 volume  =56,
 pages   ={6475--6493},
 year    ={1997},
} 
 
@Article{Eden:2000,
 author  ={Eden and T. Jung},
 title   ={On the mechanism of North Atlantic interdecadal variability},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =13,
 pages   ={submitted},
 year    ={2000}
}

@Article{Edmon:1980,
 author  ={H. J. Edmon{ }Jr. and B. J. Hoskins and M. E. McIntyre},
 title   ={Eliassen-{P}alm cross sections for the troposphere},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =37,
 pages   ={2600--2616},
 year    ={1980}
}
		  
		  
@Book{Eliasen:1970,
 author  ={E. Eliasen and B. Machenhauer and E. Rasmusson},
 title   ={On a numerical method for integration of the hydrodynamical
		  equations with a spectral representaion of the
		  horizontal fields},
 publisher ={Inst. of Theor. Met., Univ. Copenhagen},
 year    ={1970},
}

@Article{Ferranti:1994,
 author  ={L. Ferranti and F. Molteni and T. N. Palmer},
 title   ={Impact of localized tropical and extratropical {SST} anomalies in ensembles of seasonal {GCM} integrations},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =120,
 pages   ={1613--1645},
 year    ={1994}
}
@Article{Fraedrich:1978,
 author  ={K. Fraedrich and H. B\"ottger},
 title   ={A wavenumber-frequency analysis of the 500 mb 
		  geopotential at $50^{\circ}${N}},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =35,
 pages   ={745--750},
 year    ={1978}
}
		  
		  
		  
@Article{Fraedrich:1987,
 author  ={K. Fraedrich and M. Lutz},
 title   ={A modified time-longitude diagram applied to 500 mb heights along $50^{\circ}$ north and south},
 journal ={Tellus},
 volume  =39,
 pages   ={25--32},
 year    ={1987}
}

@Article{Fraedrich:1992,
 author  ={K. Fraedrich and K. M\"uller},
 title   ={Climate anomalies in {E}urope associated with {ENSO} extremes},
 journal ={Int. J. Climatol.},
 volume  =12,
 pages   ={25-31},
 year    ={1992}
}
@Article{Fraedrich:1993,
 author  ={K. Fraedrich and C. Bantzer and U. Burkhardt},
 title   ={Winter climate anomalies in {E}urope and their associated criculation at 500 h{P}a},
 journal ={Clim. Dym.},
 volume  =8,
 pages   ={161-175},
 year    ={1993}
}
@Article{Fraedrich:1994,
 author  ={K. Fraedrich},
 title   ={An {ENSO} impact in {E}urope? {A} review},
 journal ={Tellus},
 volume  =46,
 pages   ={541--552},
 year    ={1994}
}

@TechReport{Fraedrich:1998,
  author = 	 {K. Fraedrich and E. Kirk and F. Lunkeit},
  title = 	 {Portable {U}niversity {M}odel of the {A}tmosphere},
  institution =  {Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum},
  year = 	 {1998},
  number = 	 {16},
  pages   = {37pp}
}

@Article{Frankignoul:1985,
 author  ={C. Frankignoul},
 title   ={Sea surface temperature anomalies, planetary waves and air-sea feedback in the middle latitudes},
 journal ={Rev. Geophys.},
 volume  =23,
 pages   ={357--390},
 year    ={1985}
}

@Article{Frankignoul:1997,
 author  ={C. Frankignoul and P. M\"uller and E. Zorita},
 title   ={A simple Model of the Decadal Response of the Ocean to Stochastic Wind Forcing},
 journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
 volume  =27,
 pages   ={1533--1546},
 year    ={1997}
}

@Article{Franzke:2000,
 author  ={C. Franzke and F. Lunkeit and K. Fraedrich},
 title   ={Low-frequency variability in a simplified atmospheric {GCM}: Stormtack induced 'spatial resonance'},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =126,
 pages   ={in press},
 year    ={2000}
}

@TechReport{Friederichs:1998,
 author  ={P. Friederichs and A. Hense},
 title   ={{MILLENNIA}: Numerical simulation and analysis of climate variability on decadal and centennial timescales},
 institution =  {Meteorologisches Institut Bonn},
 year    ={1998},
 pages   ={1--37},
  number = 	 {1}
}

@Article{Frisius:1998,
 author  ={T. Frisius and F. Lunkeit and K. Fraedrich and I. N. James},
 title   ={Storm-track organization and variability in a simplified atmospheric global circulation model},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =124,
 pages   ={1019--1043},
 year    ={1998}
}
		  
@Article{Gaspar:1988,
 author  ={P. Gaspar},
 title   ={Modeling the seasonal cycle of the upper ocean},
 journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
 volume  =18,
 pages   ={161--180},
 year    ={1988}
}

		  
		  
@Article{Glowienka:1990,
 author  ={R. Glowienka-Hense},
 title   ={The {N}orth {A}tlantic oscillation in the {A}tlantic-{E}uropean {SLP}},
 journal ={Tellus},
 volume  =42,
 pages   ={497--507},
 year    ={1990}
}


@Article{Goyette:1996,
 author  ={Stephane Goyette and J. P. Rene Laprise},
 title   ={Numerical Investigations with a Physically Based Regional Interpolator for Off-Line Downscaling of {GCM}'s: {FIZR}},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =9,
 pages   ={3464--3495},
 year    ={1996}
}

@Article{Graham:1994,
 author  ={N. E. Graham and T. P. Barnett and R. Wilde and M. Ponater and S. Schubert},
 title   ={On the roles of tropical and midlatitude {SST}s in forcing interannual to interdecadal variability in the winter {N}orthern {H}emisphere circulation},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =7,
 pages   ={1416--1441},
 year    ={1994}
}

@Article{Graf:1994,
 author  ={H.-F. Graf},
 title   ={Northern hemisphere tropospheric mid-latitude circulation after violent volcanic eruptions},
 journal ={Contrib. Atmos. Phys.},
 volume  =67,
 pages   ={3--13},
 year    ={1994}
}

@Article{Griffies:1995,
 author  ={S. M. Griffies and E. Tziperman},
 title   ={A linear thermohaline oscillator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =8,
 pages   ={2440--2453},
 year    ={1995}
}

@Article{Griffies:1997,
 author  ={S. M. Griffies and K. Bryan},
 title   ={Predictability of the {N}orth {A}tlantic multidecadal climate variability},
 journal ={Science},
 volume  =10,
 pages   ={181--184},
 year    ={1997}
}

@Article{Groetzner:1996,
 author  ={A. Gr\"otzner and R. Sausen and M. Clausen},
 title   ={The impact of sub-grid scale sea-ice inhomogeneities on the performance of the atmospheric general circulation model {ECHAM3}},
 journal ={Clim. Dym.},
 volume  =12,
 pages   ={477--496},
 year    ={1996}
}

@Article{Groetzner:1998_1,
 author  ={A. Gr\"otzner and M. Latif and T. P. Barnett},
 title   ={A decadal cycle in the {N}orth {A}tlantic ocean as simulated by the {ECHO} coupled {GCM}},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =11,
 pages   ={831--847},
 year    ={1998}
}

@TechReport{Groetzner:1998_2,
  author = 	 {A. Gr\"otzner and M. Latif and A. Timmermann and R. Voss},
  title = 	 {Interannual to decadal predictability  in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model},
  institution =  {Max-Planck-Institut},
  year = 	 {1998},
  number = 	 {262},
}

@Article{Halliwell:1997,
 author  ={G. R. Halliwell},
 title   ={Decadal and Multidecadal {N}orth {A}tlantic {SST} anomalies driven by standing and propagating basin-scale atmospheric anomalies},
 journal ={J. Climate},
 volume  =10,
 pages   ={2405--2411},
 year    ={1997}
}

@Book{Haltiner:1982,
 author  ={G. J. Haltiner and R. T. Williams},
 title   ={Numerical Prediction and Dynamic Meteorology},
 publisher ={John Wiley and Sons, New York},
 year    ={1982},
 note    ={477pp}  
}
	  
		  
@Article{Haney:1979,
 author  ={R. L. Haney},
 title   ={Numerical models of ocean circulation and climate interaction},
 journal ={Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.},
 volume  =17,
 pages   ={1494--1507},
 year    ={1979}
}

@Article{Haney:1985,
 author  ={R. L. Haney},
 title   ={Midlatitude sea surface temperature anomalies: A numerical hindcast},
 journal ={J. Phys. Oceanogr.},
 volume  =15,
 pages   ={787-799},
 year    ={1985}
}

@Article{Hansen:1996,
 author  ={D. V. Hansen and H. F. Bezdek},
 title   ={On the nature of decadal anomalies in {N}orth {A}tlantic sea surface temperature},
 journal ={J. Geophys. Rev.},
 volume  =101,
 pages   ={8749--8758},
 year    ={1996}
}

@Article{Hasselmann:1976,
 author  ={Klaus Hasselmann},
 title   ={Stochastic climate models {P}art {I}. {T}heory},
 journal ={Tellus},
 volume  =28,
 pages   ={473--484},
 year    ={1976}
}
@Article{Hayashi:1971,
 author  ={Y. Hayashi},
 title   ={A generalized method of resolving disturbances into
		  progressive and retrogressive waves by space Fourier
		  and time cross-spectral analysis},
 journal ={J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
 volume  =49,
 pages   ={125--128},
 year    ={1971}
}
		  
		  
@Article{Hayashi:1982,
 author  ={Y. Hayashi},
 title   ={Space-time spectral analysis and its applications to
		  atmospheric waves},
 journal ={J. Meteor. Soc. Japan},
 volume  =60,
 pages   ={156--171},
 year    ={1982}
}		  

@Article{Held:1994,
 author  ={Isaac M. Held and Max J. Suarez},
 title   ={A Proposal for the Intercomparison of the Dynamical Cores of Atmospheric General Circulation Models},
 journal ={Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =75,
 pages   ={1825--1830},
 year    ={1994}
}

@Article{Hense:1990,
 author  ={A. Hense and R. Glowienka-Hense and H. von Storch and U. Staehler},
 title   ={Northern Hemisphere atmospheric response to changes of {A}tlantic {O}cean {SST} on decadal time scales: A {GCM} experiment},
 journal ={Climate Dyn.},
 volume  =4,
 pages   ={157-174},
 year    ={1990}
}
 
@Article{Higgins:1993,
 author  ={R. W. Higgins and S. D. Schubert},
 title   ={Low-frequency synoptic-eddy activity in the {P}acific stormtrack},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =50,
 pages   ={1672--1690},
 year    ={1993}
} 

@Article{Hoskins:1975,
 author  ={B. J. Hoskins and A. J. Simmons},
 title   ={A multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =101,
 pages   ={637--655},
 year    ={1975}
}

@Article{Hoskins:1978,
 author  ={B. J. Hoskins and I. Draghici and H. C. Davies},
 title   ={A new look on the $\omega$-equation},
 journal ={Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
 volume  =104,
 pages   ={31--38},
 year    ={1978}
}
@Article{Hoskins:1981,
 author  ={B. J. Hoskins and D. J. Karoly},
 title   ={The steady linear response of a spectral atmosphere to thermal orographic forcing},
 journal ={J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume  =38,
 pages   ={1179--1196},
 year    ={1981}
}
@Article{Hurrell:1995,
 author  ={J. W. Hurrell},
 title   ={Decadal trends in the {N}orth {A}tlantic Oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation},
 journal ={Science},
 volume  =269,
 pages   ={676--679},
 year    ={1995}
}

@Article{Hurrell:1997,
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